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Modern language model-based AI systems are remarkably powerful, yet their capabilities remain fundamentally capped by their human creators in three key ways. First, although a model's weights can be updated via fine-tuning, acquiring new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zitong Yang

The rapid rise of large language models (LLMs) has shifted artificial intelligence (AI) research toward agentic systems, motivating the use of weaker and more flexible notions of agency. However, this shift raises key questions about the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Vince Trencsenyi , Agnieszka Mensfelt , Kostas Stathis

AI scientists powered by large language models have demonstrated substantial promise in autonomously conducting experiments and facilitating scientific discoveries across various disciplines. While their capabilities are promising, these…

We endorse and expand upon Susan Schneider's critique of the linear model of AI progress and introduce two novel concepts: "familiar intelligence" and "strange intelligence". AI intelligence is likely to be strange intelligence, defying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Kendra Chilson , Eric Schwitzgebel

Artificial Intelligence is widely regarded as a transformative force with the potential to redefine numerous sectors of human civilization. While Artificial Intelligence has evolved from speculative fiction to a pivotal element of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Jesus L. Lobo , Javier Del Ser

The rapid rise of AI-based autonomous agents is transforming human society and economic systems, as these entities increasingly exhibit human-like or superhuman intelligence. From excelling at complex games like Go to tackling diverse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ke Yang , ChengXiang Zhai

Human behaviors are regularized by a variety of norms or regulations, either to maintain orders or to enhance social welfare. If artificially intelligent (AI) agents make decisions on behalf of human beings, we would hope they can also…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Fan-Yun Sun , Yen-Yu Chang , Yueh-Hua Wu , Shou-De Lin

Explaining the behaviour of intelligent systems will get increasingly and perhaps intractably challenging as models grow in size and complexity. We may not be able to expect an explanation for every prediction made by a brain-scale model,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Advait Sarkar

As AI becomes more "agentic," it faces technical and socio-legal issues it must address if it is to fulfill its promise of increased economic productivity and efficiency. This paper uses technical and legal perspectives to explain how…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Mark O. Riedl , Deven R. Desai

Intelligent agents, such as robots, are increasingly deployed in real-world, human-centric environments. To foster appropriate human trust and meet legal and ethical standards, these agents must be able to explain their behavior. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zhang Xi-Jia , Yue Guo , Shufei Chen , Simon Stepputtis , Matthew Gombolay , Katia Sycara , Joseph Campbell

We do not know how to align a very intelligent AI agent's behavior with human interests. I investigate whether -- absent a full solution to this AI alignment problem -- we can build smart AI agents which have limited impact on the world,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Alexander Matt Turner

Artificial general intelligence (AGI) does not yet exist, but given the pace of technological development in artificial intelligence, it is projected to reach human-level intelligence within roughly the next two decades. After that, many…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-16 David R. Mandel

The increasing prevalence of image-altering filters on social media and video conferencing technologies has raised concerns about the ethical and psychological implications of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to manipulate our perception…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Nils Köbis , Philipp Lorenz-Spreen , Tamer Ajaj , Jean-Francois Bonnefon , Ralph Hertwig , Iyad Rahwan

While many see the prospect of autonomous machines as threatening, autonomy may be exactly what we want in a superintelligent machine. There is a sense of autonomy, deeply rooted in the ethical literature, in which an autonomous machine is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-07 John Hooker

This paper examines the systemic risks posed by incremental advancements in artificial intelligence, developing the concept of `gradual disempowerment', in contrast to the abrupt takeover scenarios commonly discussed in AI safety. We…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Jan Kulveit , Raymond Douglas , Nora Ammann , Deger Turan , David Krueger , David Duvenaud

Recent works began to automate the design of agentic systems using meta-agents that propose and iteratively refine new agent architectures. In this paper, we examine three key challenges in a common class of meta-agents. First, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Batu El , Mert Yuksekgonul , James Zou

Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining momentum, and its importance for the future of work in many areas, such as medicine and banking, is continuously rising. However, insights on the effective collaboration of humans and AI are still…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Max Schemmer , Niklas Kühl , Carina Benz , Gerhard Satzger

Experts in Artificial Intelligence (AI) development predict that advances in the development of intelligent systems and agents will reshape vital areas in our society. Nevertheless, if such an advance is not made prudently and critically,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Nicholas Kluge Corrêa , Nythamar De Oliveira

The concept of rationality is central to the field of artificial intelligence (AI). Whether we are seeking to simulate human reasoning, or trying to achieve bounded optimality, our goal is generally to make artificial agents as rational as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Olivia Macmillan-Scott , Mirco Musolesi

Can AI agents deal with hard choices -- cases where options are incommensurable because multiple objectives are pursued simultaneously? Adopting a technologically engaged approach distinct from existing philosophical literature, I submit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kangyu Wang