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We extend the well-studied midrapidity TRENTo initial-conditions model to three dimensions, thus facilitating (3+1)D modeling and analysis of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. TRENTo-3D is a fast, parametric…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-06-16 Derek Soeder , Weiyao Ke , J. -F. Paquet , Steffen A. Bass

The "unreasonable effectiveness" of relativistic fluid dynamics in describing high energy heavy-ion and even proton-proton collisions are demonstrated and discussed. Several recent ideas of optimizing relativistic fluid dynamics for the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-10-02 Ulrich W. Heinz , J. Scott Moreland

In hydrodynamics, the momentum distribution of particles at the end of the evolution is completely determined by initial conditions. We study quantitatively to what extent anisotropic flow is determined by predictors such as the initial…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-05-14 Fernando G. Gardim , Frederique Grassi , Matthew Luzum , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

We present a fully three-dimensional model providing initial conditions for energy and conserved charge density distributions in heavy ion collisions at RHIC Beam Energy Scan (BES) collision energies. The model includes the dynamical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-02-20 Chun Shen , Björn Schenke

In the present work we propose a new initial state model for hydrodynamic simulation of relativistic heavy ion collisions based on Bjorken-like solution applied streak by streak in the transverse plane. Previous fluid dynamical calculations…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-06-13 V. K. Magas , J. Gordillo , D. Strottman , Y. L. Xie , L. P. Csernai

To describe ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions we construct a three-fluid hydrodynamical model. In contrast to one-fluid hydrodynamics, it accounts for the finite stopping power of nuclear matter, i.e. for nonequilibrium effects in the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-09-08 J. Brachmann , A. Dumitru , J. A. Maruhn , H. Stöcker , W. Greiner , D. H. Rischke

We examine the capabilities of second-order Israel-Stewart-type hydrodynamics to capture the early-time behaviour of the quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions. We point out that at very early times, the dynamics of the fireball…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-01-08 Victor E. Ambruş , Sören Schlichting , Clemens Werthmann

We develop a framework for event-by-event ideal hydrodynamics to study the differential elliptic flow which is measured at different centralities in Au+Au collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Fluctuating initial energy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-03-22 Hannu Holopainen , Harri Niemi , Kari J. Eskola

Hydrodynamics and quantum mechanics have many elements in common, as the density field and velocity fields are common variables that can be constructed in both descriptions. Starting with the Schroedinger equation and the Klein-Gordon for a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-06-18 Cheuk-Yin Wong

A comparison is made between results obtained using smooth initial conditions and event-by-event initial conditions in the hydrodynamical description of relativistic nuclear collisions. Some new results on directed flow are also included.

Relativistic hydrodynamics has been quite successful in explaining the collective behaviour of the QCD matter produced in high energy heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC. We briefly review the latest developments in the hydrodynamical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-10-28 Amaresh Jaiswal , Victor Roy

The microscopic transport equations for free fields are solved using the Schwinger function. Thus, for general initial conditions, the evolution of the energy-momentum tensor is obtained, incorporating the quantum effects exactly. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 H. -Th. Elze

In high energy heavy ion collisions a new state of matter, the strongly coupled quark gluon plasma is formed that exhibits the similar properties as our Universe had just a couple of microseconds after the Big Bang, hence such collisions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-15 Sándor Lökös , Gábor Kasza

We simulate the space-time dynamics of high-energy collisions based on a microscopic kinetic description in the conformal relaxation time approximation, in order to determine the range of applicability of an effective description in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-04-26 Victor E. Ambrus , S. Schlichting , C. Werthmann

The recently developed framework of anisotropic hydrodynamics is generalized to describe the dynamics of coupled quark and gluon fluids. The quark and gluon components of the fluids are characterized by different dynamical anisotropy…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-04-02 Wojciech Florkowski , Radoslaw Maj , Radoslaw Ryblewski , Michael Strickland

A model for energy, pressure and flow velocity distributions at the beginning of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions is presented, which can be used as an initial condition for hydrodynamic calculations. Our model takes into account…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 V. K. Magas , L. P. Csernai , D. D. Strottman

In this contributed chapter, I review our current understanding of the applicability of hydrodynamics to modeling the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), focusing on the question of hydrodynamization/thermalization of the QGP and the anisotropic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-02-16 Michael Strickland

The momentum distribution of quark-gluon plasma at the early stage of a relativistic heavy-ion collision is anisotropic and consequently the system, which is assumed to be weakly coupled, is unstable due chromomagnetic plasma modes. We…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-11-04 Margaret E. Carrington , Katarzyna Deja , Stanislaw Mrowczynski

We study the initial three-dimensional spatial configuration of the quark-gluon plasma produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions using centrality and rapidity-dependent measurements of charged particle pseudorapidity densities and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-11-01 Weiyao Ke , J. Scott Moreland , Jonah E. Bernhard , Steffen A. Bass

We quantitatively estimate properties of the quark-gluon plasma created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions utilizing Bayesian statistics and a multi-parameter model-to-data comparison. The study is performed using a recently…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-08-22 Jonah E. Bernhard , J. Scott Moreland , Steffen A. Bass , Jia Liu , Ulrich Heinz