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Stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGDm) is one of the most popular optimization algorithms in deep learning. While there is a rich theory of SGDm for convex problems, the theory is considerably less developed in the context of deep…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-05 Umut Şimşekli , Lingjiong Zhu , Yee Whye Teh , Mert Gürbüzbalaban

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the main algorithm behind a large body of work in machine learning. In many cases, constraints are enforced via projections, leading to projected stochastic gradient algorithms. In recent years, a large…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-06 Yuping Zheng , Andrew Lamperski

In this paper, we characterize the noise of stochastic gradients and analyze the noise-induced dynamics during training deep neural networks by gradient-based optimizers. Specifically, we firstly show that the stochastic gradient noise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Yixin Wu , Rui Luo , Chen Zhang , Jun Wang , Yaodong Yang

This paper provides a finite-sample analysis of a passive stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (PSGLD) algorithm. This algorithm is designed to achieve adaptive inverse reinforcement learning (IRL). Adaptive IRL aims to estimate the cost…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Luke Snow , Vikram Krishnamurthy

Understanding the behavior of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in the context of deep neural networks has raised lots of concerns recently. Along this line, we study a general form of gradient based optimization dynamics with unbiased…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-11 Zhanxing Zhu , Jingfeng Wu , Bing Yu , Lei Wu , Jinwen Ma

Stochastic Gradient Descent with a constant learning rate (constant SGD) simulates a Markov chain with a stationary distribution. With this perspective, we derive several new results. (1) We show that constant SGD can be used as an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-23 Stephan Mandt , Matthew D. Hoffman , David M. Blei

We aim to make stochastic gradient descent (SGD) adaptive to (i) the noise $\sigma^2$ in the stochastic gradients and (ii) problem-dependent constants. When minimizing smooth, strongly-convex functions with condition number $\kappa$, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Sharan Vaswani , Benjamin Dubois-Taine , Reza Babanezhad

In this paper, we propose a generalized framework for developing learning-rate-free momentum stochastic gradient descent (SGD) methods in the minimization of nonsmooth nonconvex functions, especially in training nonsmooth neural networks.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-27 Xiaoyin Hu , Nachuan Xiao , Xin Liu , Kim-Chuan Toh

In this paper, we examine the time it takes for stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to reach the global minimum of a general, non-convex loss function. We approach this question through the lens of randomly perturbed dynamical systems and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Waïss Azizian , Franck Iutzeler , Jérôme Malick , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

When training neural networks, it has been widely observed that a large step size is essential in stochastic gradient descent (SGD) for obtaining superior models. However, the effect of large step sizes on the success of SGD is not well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Amirkeivan Mohtashami , Martin Jaggi , Sebastian Stich

In machine learning, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is widely deployed to train models using highly non-convex objectives with equally complex noise models. Unfortunately, SGD theory often makes restrictive assumptions that fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Vivak Patel , Shushu Zhang , Bowen Tian

We develop generalization error bounds for stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with label noise in non-convex settings under uniform dissipativity and smoothness conditions. Under a suitable choice of semimetric, we establish a contraction in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-02 Jung Eun Huh , Patrick Rebeschini

Stochastic distributed optimization methods that solve an optimization problem over a multi-agent network have played an important role in a variety of large-scale signal processing and machine leaning applications. Among the existing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-06 Songyang Ge , Tsung-Hui Chang

We study to what extent may stochastic gradient descent (SGD) be understood as a "conventional" learning rule that achieves generalization performance by obtaining a good fit to training data. We consider the fundamental stochastic convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Tomer Koren , Roi Livni , Yishay Mansour , Uri Sherman

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) has been studied extensively over the past decades due to its simplicity and broad applicability in machine learning. In this work, we analyze the local behavior of gradient descent and stochastic gradient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Sebastian Kassing , Thomas Kruse

Stochastic gradient descent in continuous time (SGDCT) provides a computationally efficient method for the statistical learning of continuous-time models, which are widely used in science, engineering, and finance. The SGDCT algorithm…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-06-18 Justin Sirignano , Konstantinos Spiliopoulos

In this paper we analyze the behaviour of the stochastic gradient descent (SGD), a widely used method in supervised learning for optimizing neural network weights via a minimization of non-convex loss functions. Since the pioneering work of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Davide Barbieri , Matteo Bonforte , Peio Ibarrondo

We establish a sharp uniform-in-time error estimate for the Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics (SGLD), which is a widely-used sampling algorithm. Under mild assumptions, we obtain a uniform-in-time $O(\eta^2)$ bound for the KL-divergence…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Lei Li , Yuliang Wang

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method is popular for solving non-convex optimization problems in machine learning. This work investigates SGD from a viewpoint of graduated optimization, which is a widely applied approach for non-convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-15 Da Li , Jingjing Wu , Qingrun Zhang

We consider the constrained sampling problem where the goal is to sample from a target distribution on a constrained domain. We propose skew-reflected non-reversible Langevin dynamics (SRNLD), a continuous-time stochastic differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Hengrong Du , Qi Feng , Changwei Tu , Xiaoyu Wang , Lingjiong Zhu