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Holant problems are a family of counting problems parameterised by sets of algebraic-complex valued constraint functions, and defined on graphs. They arise from the theory of holographic algorithms, which was originally inspired by concepts…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Miriam Backens

Holant problems are a family of counting problems on graphs, parametrised by sets of complex-valued functions of Boolean inputs. Holant^c denotes a subfamily of those problems, where any function set considered must contain the two unary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-05 Miriam Backens

Holant problems are a general framework to study the algorithmic complexity of counting problems. Both counting constraint satisfaction problems and graph homomorphisms are special cases. All previous results of Holant problems are over the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-07-11 Jin-Yi Cai , Pinyan Lu , Mingji Xia

Holant problems capture a class of Sum-of-Product computations such as counting matchings. It is inspired by holographic algorithms and is equivalent to tensor networks, with counting CSP being a special case. A classification for Holant…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-02-10 Jin-Yi Cai , Pinyan Lu , Mingji Xia

Holant problems are a general framework to study the computational complexity of counting problems. It is a more expressive framework than counting constraint satisfaction problems (CSP) which are in turn more expressive than counting graph…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jin-Yi Cai , Jin Soo Ihm

We explore the intricate interdependent relationship among counting problems, considered from three frameworks for such problems: Holant Problems, counting CSP and weighted H-colorings. We consider these problems for general complex valued…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-14 Jin-Yi Cai , Sangxia Huang , Pinyan Lu

Holant problem is a general framework to study the computational complexity of counting problems. We prove a complexity dichotomy theorem for Holant problems over Boolean domain with non-negative weights. It is the first complete Holant…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Jiabao Lin , Hanpin Wang

We prove a complexity dichotomy theorem for a class of Holant problems on planar 3-regular bipartite graphs. The complexity dichotomy states that for every weighted constraint function $f$ defining the problem (the weights can even be…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Jin-Yi Cai , Austen Z. Fan

We prove a complexity dichotomy for complex-weighted Holant problems with an arbitrary set of symmetric constraint functions on Boolean variables. This dichotomy is specifically to answer the question: Is the FKT algorithm under a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-05-13 Jin-Yi Cai , Zhiguo Fu , Heng Guo , Tyson Williams

Valiant introduced matchgate computation and holographic algorithms. A number of seemingly exponential time problems can be solved by this novel algorithmic paradigm in polynomial time. We show that, in a very strong sense, matchgate…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-08-05 Jin-Yi Cai , Pinyan Lu , Mingji Xia

We prove a complexity dichotomy theorem for Holant Problems on 3-regular graphs with an arbitrary complex-valued edge function. Three new techniques are introduced: (1) higher dimensional iterations in interpolation; (2) Eigenvalue Shifted…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-08-09 Michael Kowalczyk , Jin-Yi Cai

Holographic algorithms are a recent breakthrough in computer science and has found applications in information theory. This paper provides a proof to the central component of holographic algorithms, namely, the Holant theorem. Compared with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-05-11 Ali Al-Bashabsheh , Yongyi Mao , Abbas Yongacoglu

We show that an effective version of Siegel's Theorem on finiteness of integer solutions and an application of elementary Galois theory are key ingredients in a complexity classification of some Holant problems. These Holant problems,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-04-16 Jin-Yi Cai , Heng Guo , Tyson Williams

We prove a complexity dichotomy for a class of counting problems expressible as bipartite 3-regular Holant problems. For every problem of the form $\operatorname{Holant}\left(f\mid =_3 \right)$, where $f$ is any integer-valued ternary…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Jin-Yi Cai , Austen Z. Fan , Yin Liu

We investigate the complexity of parameterised holant problems p-$\mathrm{Holant}(\mathcal{S})$ for families of signatures $\mathcal{S}$. The parameterised holant framework was introduced by Curticapean in 2015 as a counter-part to the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Panagiotis Aivasiliotis , Andreas Göbel , Marc Roth , Johannes Schmitt

We prove a complexity dichotomy for Holant problems on the boolean domain with arbitrary sets of real-valued constraint functions. These constraint functions need not be symmetric nor do we assume any auxiliary functions as in previous…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Shuai Shao , Jin-Yi Cai

We introduce a new framework of counting problems called #GDS that encompasses #$(\sigma, \rho)$-Set, a class of domination-type problems that includes counting dominating sets and counting total dominating sets. We explore the intricate…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jiayi Zheng , Boning Meng

We prove a complexity dichotomy theorem for Holant problems over an arbitrary set of complex-valued symmetric constraint functions F on Boolean variables. This extends and unifies all previous dichotomies for Holant problems on symmetric…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-01-11 Jin-Yi Cai , Heng Guo , Tyson Williams

We prove a complexity dichotomy theorem for a class of Holant problems on 3-regular bipartite graphs. Given an arbitrary nonnegative weighted symmetric constraint function $f = [x_0, x_1, x_2, x_3]$, we prove that the bipartite Holant…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Austen Z. Fan , Jin-Yi Cai

We present fully polynomial-time (deterministic or randomised) approximation schemes for Holant problems, defined by a non-negative constraint function satisfying a generalised second order recurrence modulo a couple of exceptional cases.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Heng Guo , Chao Liao , Pinyan Lu , Chihao Zhang
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