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Related papers: A new Holant dichotomy inspired by quantum computa…

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$\operatorname{Holant}^*(f)$ denotes a class of counting problems specified by a constraint function $f$. We prove complexity dichotomy theorems for $\operatorname{Holant}^*(f)$ in two settings: (1) $f$ is any arity-3 real-valued function…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Yin Liu , Austen Z. Fan , Jin-Yi Cai

Holant problems are intimately connected with quantum theory as tensor networks. We first use techniques from Holant theory to derive new and improved results for quantum entanglement theory. We discover two particular entangled states…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Jin-Yi Cai , Zhiguo Fu , Shuai Shao

We study the complexity of the parameterised counting constraint satisfaction problem: given a set of constraints over a set of variables and a positive integer $k$, how many ways are there to assign $k$ variables to 1 (and the others to 0)…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Panagiotis Aivasiliotis , Andreas Göbel , Marc Roth

The Holant theorem is a powerful tool for studying the computational complexity of counting problems in the Holant framework. Due to the great expressiveness of the Holant framework, a converse to the Holant theorem would itself be a very…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ben Young

This paper stands at the intersection of two distinct lines of research. One line is "holographic algorithms," a powerful approach introduced by Valiant for solving various counting problems in computer science; the other is "normal factor…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-03-22 Ali Al-Bashabsheh , Yongyi Mao

Holographic algorithms introduced by Valiant are composed of two ingredients: matchgates, which are gadgets realizing local constraint functions by weighted planar perfect matchings, and holographic reductions, which show equivalences among…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-01-11 Jin-Yi Cai , Heng Guo , Tyson Williams

We show for a broad class of counting problems, correlation decay (strong spatial mixing) implies FPTAS on planar graphs. The framework for the counting problems considered by us is the Holant problems with arbitrary constant-size domain…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-07-17 Yitong Yin , Chihao Zhang

\textsf{Holant} is an essential framework in the field of counting complexity. For over fifteen years, researchers have been clarifying the complexity classification for complex-valued \textsf{Holant} on the Boolean domain, a challenge that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Boning Meng , Juqiu Wang , Mingji Xia , Jiayi Zheng

Bulatov (2008) gave a dichotomy for the counting constraint satisfaction problem #CSP. A problem from #CSP is characterised by a constraint language, which is a fixed, finite set of relations over a finite domain D. An instance of the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-08-18 Martin Dyer , David Richerby

We determine the computational complexity of approximately counting the total weight of variable assignments for every complex-weighted Boolean constraint satisfaction problem (or CSP) with any number of additional unary (i.e., arity 1)…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-05-19 Tomoyuki Yamakami

The complexity classification of the Holant problem has remained unresolved for the past fifteen years. Counting complex-weighted Eulerian orientation problems, denoted as #EO, is regarded as one of the most significant challenges to the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Boning Meng , Juqiu Wang , Mingji Xia

We present fully polynomial approximation schemes for a broad class of Holant problems with complex edge weights, which we call Holant polynomials. We transform these problems into partition functions of abstract combinatorial structures…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Katrin Casel , Philipp Fischbeck , Tobias Friedrich , Andreas Göbel , J. A. Gregor Lagodzinski

We prove a complexity classification theorem that classifies all counting constraint satisfaction problems ($\#$CSP) over Boolean variables into exactly three categories: (1) Polynomial-time tractable; (2) $\#$P-hard for general instances,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-03-24 Jin-yi Cai , Zhiguo Fu

In this article a new C*-algebra derived from the basic quantum variables: holonomies along paths and group-valued quantum flux operators in the framework of Loop Quantum Gravity is constructed. This development is based on the theory of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-08-24 Diana Kaminski

We prove a complexity dichotomy theorem for symmetric complex-weighted Boolean #CSP when the constraint graph of the input must be planar. The problems that are #P-hard over general graphs but tractable over planar graphs are precisely…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-08-07 Heng Guo , Tyson Williams

Fibonacci gate problems have severed as computation primitives to solve other problems by holographic algorithm and play an important role in the dichotomy of exact counting for Holant and CSP frameworks. We generalize them to weighted…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-02-19 Pinyan Lu , Menghui Wang , Chihao Zhang

In recent work by Johnson et al. (2022), a framework was described for the study of graph problems over classes specified by omitting each of a finite set of graphs as subgraphs. If a problem falls into the framework then its computational…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Tala Eagling-Vose , Barnaby Martin , Daniel Paulusma , Siani Smith

Valiant's Holant theorem is a powerful tool for algorithms and reductions for counting problems. It states that if two sets $\mathcal{F}$ and $\mathcal{G}$ of tensors (a.k.a. constraint functions or signatures) are related by a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Jin-Yi Cai , Ben Young

Partition functions, also known as homomorphism functions, form a rich family of graph invariants that contain combinatorial invariants such as the number of k-colourings or the number of independent sets of a graph and also the partition…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-05-05 Leslie Ann Goldberg , Martin Grohe , Mark Jerrum , Marc Thurley

As one of the three main pillars of fine-grained complexity theory, the 3SUM problem explains the hardness of many diverse polynomial-time problems via fine-grained reductions. Many of these reductions are either directly based on or…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Nick Fischer , Piotr Kaliciak , Adam Polak