Related papers: A geometrical proof of sum of $\cos n\varphi$

In this paper we investigate the finite sum of cosecants $\sum\csc\big(\varphi+a\pi l/n\big),$ where the index $l$ runs through 1 to $n-1$ and $\varphi$ and $a$ are arbitrary parameters, as well as several closely related sums, such as…

In this note, we present a probabilistic proof of the well-known finite geometric series. The proof follows by taking the moments of the sum and the difference of two independent exponentially distributed random variables.

We obtain an upper bound for the sum $\sum_{n\leq N} (a_{n}/\varphi (a_{n}))^{s}$, where $\varphi$ is Euler's totient function, $s\in \mathbb{N}$, and $a_{1},\ldots, a_{N}$ are positive integers (not necessarily distinct) with some…

Combining the derivative operator with a binomial sum from the telescoping method, we establish a family of summation formulas involving generalized harmonic numbers.

We prove an explicit formula to count the partitions of $n$ whose product of the summands is at most $n$. In the process, we also deduce a result to count the multiplicative partitions of $n$.

Let $S_m f$ denote the $m$-th partial sum of the Walsh-Fourier series of $f \in L^1$. For an increasing sequence $a=(a(n))_{n \geq 1}$ of positive integers, consider the arithmetic means $$ \sigma_N f:=\frac{1}{N} \sum_{n=1}^N S_{a(n)} f .…

We present, discuss and generalize an elegant geometrical proof of the law of cosines, due to Al Cuoco.

By employing certain extended classical summation theorems, several surprising \pi and other formulae are displayed.

We find the closest approximation to 1 from below using a sum of $n$ Egyptian fractions.

In this paper we investigate a certain category of cotangent sums and more specifically the sum $$\sum_{m=1}^{b-1}\cot\left(\frac{\pi m}{b}\right)\sin^{3}\left(2\pi m\frac{a}{b}\right)\:$$ and associate the distribution of its values to a…

We announce two breakthrough results concerning important questions in the Theory of Computational Complexity. In this expository paper, a systematic and comprehensive geometric characterization of the Subset Sum Problem is presented. We…

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a finite, connected graph. We consider a greedy selection of vertices: given a list of vertices $x_1, \dots, x_k$, take $x_{k+1}$ to be any vertex maximizing the sum of distances to the existing vertices and iterate: we…

The problem of finding the sum of a polynomial's values is considered. In particular, for any $n\geq 3$, the explicit formula for the sum of the $n$th powers of natural numbers $S_n=\sum_{x=1}^{m}x^{n}$ is proved:…

In this paper we study universal quadratic polynomials which arise as sums of polygonal numbers. Specifically, we determine an asymptotic upper bound (as a function of $m$) on the size of the set $S_m\subset\mathbb{N}$ such that if a sum of…

We employ a one-variable extension of q-rook theory to give combinatorial proofs of some basic hypergeometric summations, including the q-Pfaff-Saalsch\"utz summation and a 4phi3 summation by Jain.

In this short, we study sums of the shape $\sum_{n\leqslant x}{f([x/n])}/{[x/n]},$ where $f$ is Euler totient function $\varphi$, Dedekind function $\Psi$, sum-of-divisors function $\sigma$ or the alternating sum-of-divisors function…

In this paper we present an introduction to morphological calculus in which geometrical objects play the rule of generalised natural numbers.

We obtain reasonably tight upper and lower bounds on the sum $\sum_{n \leqslant x} \varphi \left( \left\lfloor{x/n}\right\rfloor\right)$, involving the Euler functions $\varphi$ and the integer parts $\left\lfloor{x/n}\right\rfloor$ of the…

We study the character sums \[\phi_{(m,n)}(a,b)=\sum_{x\in\mathbb{F}_q}\phi\left(x(x^{m}+a)(x^{n}+b)\right),\textrm{ and, } \psi_{(m,n)}(a,b)=\sum_{x\in\mathbb{F}_q}\phi\left((x^{m}+a)(x^{n}+b)\right)\] where $\phi$ is the quadratic…

General results on convex bodies are reviewed and used to derive an exact closed-form parametric formula for the Minkowski sum boundary of $m$ arbitrary ellipsoids in $N$-dimensional Euclidean space. Expressions for the principal curvatures…