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Saturn's main rings exhibit variations in both their opacity and spectral properties on a broad range of spatial scales, and the correlations between these parameters can provide insights into the processes that shape the composition and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-01-14 M. M. Hedman , P. D. Nicholson , J. N. Cuzzi , R. N. Clark , G. Filacchione , F. Capaccioni , M. Ciarniello

Small (~50km scale), irregular features seen in Cassini images to be emanating from Saturn's F ring have been termed mini-jets by Attree et al. (2012). One particular mini-jet was tracked over half an orbital period, revealing its evolution…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-21 Nicholas O. Attree , Carl D. Murray , Gareth A. Williams , Nicholas J. Cooper

Despite being one of the weakest dimers in nature, low-spectral-resolution Voyager/IRIS observations revealed the presence of (H$_2$)$_2$ dimers on Jupiter and Saturn in the 1980s. However, the collision-induced H$_2$-H$_2$ opacity…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-28 L. N. Fletcher , M. Gustafsson , G. S. Orton

During the thirteen years in orbit around Saturn before its final plunge, the Cassini spacecraft provided more than ten thousand astrometric measurements. Such large amounts of accurate data enable the search for extremely faint signals in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-11 Valéry Lainey , Benoît Noyelles , Nicholas Cooper , Carl Murray , Ryan Park , Nicolas Rambaux

Saturn's inner B-ring and its C-ring support wavetrains of contrasting amplitudes but with similar length scales, 100-1000 km. In addition, the inner B-ring is punctuated by two intriguing `flat' regions between radii 93,000 km and 98,000…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-14 Henrik Latter , Gordon Ogilvie , Marie Chupeau

A new symplectic N-body integrator is introduced, one designed to calculate the global 360 degree evolution of a self-gravitating planetary ring that is in orbit about an oblate planet. This freely-available code is called epi_int, and it…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Joseph M. Hahn , Joseph N. Spitale

The Cassini Division in Saturn's rings contains a series of eight named gaps, three of which contain dense ringlets. Observations of stellar occultations by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer onboard the Cassini spacecraft have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2010-01-07 M. M. Hedman , P. D. Nicholson , K. H. Baines , B. J. Buratti , C. Sotin , R. N. Clark , R. H. Brown , R. G. French , E. A. Marouf

JWST measured the infrared spectra of Saturn's rings and several of its small moons (Epimetheus, Pandora, Telesto and Pallene) as part of Guaranteed Time Observation program 1247. The NIRSpec instrument obtained near-infrared spectra of the…

The Cassini spacecraft revealed the spectacular, highly irregular shapes of the small inner moons of Saturn, ranging from the unique "ravioli-like" forms of Pan and Atlas to the highly elongated structure of Prometheus. Closest to Saturn,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-23 Adrien Leleu , Martin Jutzi , Martin Rubin

We use a state-of-the-art physics-based model of electromagnetic scattering to analyze average circular polarization ratios measured for the A and B rings of Saturn at a wavelength of 12.6 cm. This model is directly based on the Maxwell…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Michael I. Mishchenko , Janna M. Dlugach

Saturn's rings, reminiscent of an early Solar System present a unique opportunity to investigate experimentally some mechanisms thought to be responsible for planet and planetesimal formation in protoplanetary discs. Here we extended the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Phil J Sutton , Feo Kusmartsev

We present an analysis of data about Saturn's atmosphere from Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS), focusing on the meteorology of the features seen in the 5-micron spectral window. We present VIMS mosaics and discuss…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-01-28 David S. Choi , Adam P. Showman , Robert H. Brown

The fluid dynamics in planet Saturn gives rise to alternating east-west jet streams, large cyclonic and anticyclonic vortices, and a dipole-dominant magnetic field which is highly axisymmetric about the planetary rotation axis. Modelling…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-22 Rakesh Kumar Yadav , Hao Cao , Jeremy Bloxham

Saturn's C ring contains multiple structures that appear to be density waves driven by time-variable anomalies in the planet's gravitational field. Semi-empirical extensions of density wave theory enable the observed wave properties to be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-24 M. M. Hedman , P. D. Nicholson , M. El Moutamid , S. Smotherman

Observations by the Voyager and Cassini spacecrafts have revealed various striking features of the gap structure in Saturn's ring, such as the density waves, sharp edge, and vertical wall structure. In order to explain these features in a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-06 Naoya Torii , Shigeru Ida , Eiichiro Kokubo , Shugo Michikoshi

The Cassini spacecraft provided key measurements during its more than twelve year mission that constrain the absolute age of Saturn's rings. These include the extrinsic micrometeoroid flux at Saturn, the volume fraction of non-icy…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-24 Paul R. Estrada , Richard. H. Durisen

Radio occultations of Saturn's main rings by spacecraft suggest a power law particle size-distribution down to sizes of the order of 1 cm (Marouf et al., 1983), (Zebker et al., 1985). The lack of optical depth variations between ultraviolet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-12-11 Rebecca A. Harbison , Philip D. Nicholson , Matthew M. Hedman

We present Athena++ grid-based, hydrodynamic simulations of accretion onto Sagittarius A* via the stellar winds of the $\sim 30$ Wolf-Rayet stars within the central parsec of the galactic center. These simulations span $\sim$ 4 orders of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-06-26 Sean M. Ressler , Eliot Quataert , James M. Stone

In circumstellar disks around young stars, the gravitational influence of nascent planets produces telltale patterns in density, temperature, and kinematics. To better understand these signatures, we first performed 3D hydrodynamical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-17 Dhruv Muley , Julio David Melon Fuksman , Hubert Klahr

Irregular structure in planetary rings is often attributed to the intrinsic instabilities of a homogeneous state undergoing Keplerian shear. Previously these have been analysed with simple hydrodynamic models. We instead employ a kinetic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Henrik N. Latter , Gordon I. Ogilvie