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Related papers: A local limit theorem for Quicksort key comparison…

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The analyses of many algorithms and data structures (such as digital search trees) for searching and sorting are based on the representation of the keys involved as bit strings and so count the number of bit comparisons. On the other hand,…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-02-14 James Allen Fill , Svante Janson

We consider systems of stochastic fixed-point equations that arise in the asymptotic analysis of random recursive structures and algorithms such as Quicksort, generalized P\'olya urn processes and path lengths of random recursive trees and…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-03-08 Kevin Leckey

Quicksort is a classical divide-and-conquer sorting algorithm. It is a comparison sort that makes an average of $2(n+1)H_n - 4n$ comparisons on an array of size $n$ ordered uniformly at random, where $H_n = \sum_{i=1}^n\frac{1}{i}$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-23 Pamela E. Harris , Jan Kretschmann , J. Carlos Martínez Mori

Recently, Aum\"uller and Dietzfelbinger proposed a version of a dual-pivot quicksort, called "Count", which is optimal among dual-pivot versions with respect to the average number of key comparisons required. In this note we provide further…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-10-23 Ralph Neininger , Jasmin Straub

QuickSelect (aka Find), introduced by Hoare (1961), is a randomized algorithm for selecting a specified order statistic from an input sequence of $n$ objects, or rather their identifying labels usually known as keys. The keys can be numeric…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-14 James Allen Fill , Jason Matterer

We prove the Central Limit Theorem and superpolynomial mixing for environment viewed for the particle process in quasi periodic Diophantine random environment. The main ingredients are smoothness estimates for the solution of the Poisson…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-07-24 Klaudiusz Czudek , Dmitry Dolgopyat

When the search algorithm QuickSelect compares keys during its execution in order to find a key of target rank, it must operate on the keys' representations or internal structures, which were ignored by the previous studies that quantified…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-09-24 James Allen Fill , Takehiko Nakama

This paper finds the bulk local limit of the swap process of uniformly random sorting networks. The limit object is defined through a deterministic procedure, a local version of the Edelman-Greene algorithm, applied to a two dimensional…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-11-05 Vadim Gorin , Mustazee Rahman

Sorting is one of the oldest computing problems and is still very important in the age of big data. Various algorithms and implementation techniques have been proposed. In this study, we focus on comparison based, internal sorting…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-09-16 Hantao Zhang , Baoluo Meng , Yiwen Liang

We examine sorting algorithms for $n$ elements whose basic operation is comparing $t$ elements simultaneously (a $t$-comparator). We focus on algorithms that use only a single round or two rounds -- comparisons performed in the second round…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Ran Gelles , Zvi Lotker , Frederik Mallmann-Trenn

Using a recursive approach, we obtain a simple exact expression for the L^2-distance from the limit in R\'egnier's (1989) classical limit theorem for the number of key comparisons required by QuickSort. A previous study by Fill and Janson…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-02-01 Patrick Bindjeme , James Allen Fill

In this note we outline a new and simple approach to proving central limit theorems for various 'global' graph parameters which have robust 'local' approximations, using the Efron--Stein inequality, which relies on a combinatorial analysis…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-16 Michael Anastos , Joshua Erde , Mihyun Kang , Vincent Pfenninger

We continue the study of selection and sorting of $n$ numbers under the adversarial comparator model, where comparisons can be adversarially tampered with if the arguments are sufficiently close. We derive a randomized sorting algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Chris Trevisan

In Siotani & Fujikoshi (1984), a precise local limit theorem for the multinomial distribution is derived by inverting the Fourier transform, where the error terms are explicit up to order $N^{-1}$. In this paper, we give an alternative…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-25 Frédéric Ouimet

We prove a local central limit theorem for "nonconventional" sums generated by some classes of sufficiently fast mixing sequences.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-08-20 Yeor Hafouta

Sorting is one of the most basic primitives in many algorithms and data analysis tasks. Comparison-based sorting algorithms, like quick-sort and merge-sort, are known to be optimal when the outcome of each comparison is error-free. However,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Ragesh Jaiswal , Amit Kumar , Jatin Yadav

In this note the precise minimum number of key comparisons any dual-pivot quickselect algorithm (without sampling) needs on average is determined. The result is in the form of exact as well as asymptotic formul\ae{} of this number of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-10-18 Daniel Krenn

We consider a random walk $(Y_N)_{N\geq 0}$ on $\mathbb{R}^2$ generated by successively applying independent random isometries, drawn from a fixed measure $\mu$, to the point $0$. When the support of $\mu$ is finite and includes an…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-26 Reuben Drogin , Felipe Hernández

A sorting network is a geodesic path from $12 \cdots n$ to $n \cdots 21$ in the Cayley graph of $S_n$ generated by adjacent transpositions. For a uniformly random sorting network, we establish the existence of a local limit of the process…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-03 Omer Angel , Duncan Dauvergne , Alexander E. Holroyd , Bálint Virág

This article introduces a new optimization method to improve mergesort's runtime complexity, when sorting sequences that have equal keys to $O(n log_2 k)$, where $k$ is the number of distinct keys in the sequence. When $k$ is constant, it…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Albert Tedja