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Related papers: Jupiter's formation and its primordial internal st…

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Understanding exoplanet interiors is crucial for interpreting atmospheric observations and constraining their evolution and formation. However, due to limited observational constraints, interiors structures remain poorly understood. In this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-22 Esther van Dijk , Yamila Miguel

We study quasi-static atmospheres of accreting protoplanetary cores for different opacity behaviors and realistic planetesimal accretion rates in various parts of protoplanetary nebula. Atmospheres segregate into those having outer…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Roman Rafikov

This paper presents a consistent description of the formation and the subsequent evolution of gaseous planets, with special attention to short-period, low-mass hot-Neptune planets characteristic of $\mu$ Ara-like systems. We show that core…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 I. Baraffe , Y. Alibert , G. Chabrier , W. Benz

Models of planet formation and evolution predict that giant planets form efficiently in protoplanetary disks, that most of these migrate rapidly to the disk's inner edge, and that, if the arriving planet's mass is $\lesssim$ Jupiter's mass,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-19 Titos Matsakos , Arieh Königl

It is reasonable to assume that the structure of a planet and the interior distribution of its components are determined by its formation history. We thus follow the growth of a planet from a small embryo through its subsequent evolution.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-03 Michael Lozovsky , Dina Prialnik , Morris Podolak

Observations from the Juno spacecraft show that Jupiter has a large dilute core rather than a compact core. To investigate the effects of different core structures on wave propagation and transmission in Jupiter's interior, we consider…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-14 Yuru Xu , Xing Wei

The JUNO mission to Jupiter is planned to measure the water abundance in Jupiter's atmosphere below the cloud layer. This measurement is important because it can be used to reveal valuable information on Jupiter's origin and its…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Ravit Helled , Jonathan Lunine

Sub-Neptune planets are very common in our galaxy and show a large diversity in their mass-radius relation. In sub-Neptunes most of the planet mass is in the rocky part (hereafter core) which is surrounded by a modest hydrogen-helium…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-14 A. Vazan , C. W. Ormel , C. Dominik

The core mass of Saturn is commonly assumed to be 10-25 ME as predicted by interior models with various equations of state (EOSs) and the Voyager gravity data, and hence larger than that of Jupiter (0-10 ME). We here re-analyze Saturn's…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 N. Nettelmann , R. Puestow , R. Redmer

In this paper we investigate the evolution of a pair of interacting planets - a Jupiter mass planet and a Super-Earth with the 5.5 Earth masses - orbiting a Solar type star and embedded in a gaseous protoplanetary disc. We focus on the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 E. Podlewska , E. Szuszkiewicz

The origin of hot Jupiters -- gas giant exoplanets orbiting very close to their host stars -- is a long-standing puzzle. Planet formation theories suggest that such planets are unlikely to have formed in-situ but instead may have formed at…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Nikku Madhusudhan , Mustafa A. Amin , Grant M. Kennedy

Knowing the composition of Jupiter's atmosphere is crucial for constraining Jupiter's bulk metallicity and formation history. Yet, constraining Jupiter's atmospheric water abundance is challenging due to its potential non-uniform…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-01 Huazhi Ge , Cheng Li , Xi Zhang , Andrew P. Ingersoll , Sihe Chen

Several short-period Jupiter-mass planets have been discovered around nearby solar-type stars. During the circularization of their orbits, the dissipation of tidal disturbance by their host stars heats the interior and inflates the sizes of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Pin-Gao Gu , Peter H. Bodenheimer , Douglas N. C. Lin

In this paper we investigate the formation of Uranus and Neptune, according to the core-nucleated accretion model, considering formation locations ranging from 12 to 30 AU from the Sun, and with various disk solid-surface densities and core…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Ravit Helled , Peter Bodenheimer

The hot Neptune orbiting around GJ 436 is a unique example of an intermediate mass planet. Its close-in orbit suggests that the planet has undergone migration and its study is fundamental to understanding planet formation and evolution. As…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-02 P. Figueira , F. Pont , C. Mordasini , Y. Alibert , C. Georgy , W. Benz

Sub-Neptune planets are a very common type of planets. They are inferred to harbour a primordial (H/He) envelope, on top of a (rocky) core, which dominates the mass. Here, we investigate the long-term consequences of the core properties on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-15 A. Vazan , C. W. Ormel , L. Noack , C. Dominik

We investigate the formation of multiple-planet systems in the presence of a hot Jupiter using extended N-body simulations that are performed simultaneously with semi-analytic calculations. Our primary aims are to describe the planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Masahiro Ogihara , Hiroshi Kobayashi , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

Venus' mass and radius are similar to those of Earth. However, dissimilarities in atmospheric properties, geophysical activity and magnetic field generation could hint towards significant differences in the chemical composition and interior…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-10 Oliver Shah , Ravit Helled , Yann Alibert , Klaus Mezger

We report relations between inner ($<1$ au) super Earths (planets with mass/radius between Earth and Neptune) and outer ($>1$ au) giant planets (mass $>0.3~M_{\rm J}$, or cold Jupiters) around Sun-like stars, based on data from both…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-15 Wei Zhu , Yanqin Wu

Revealing the internal composition and structure of giant planets is fundamental for understanding planetary formation. However, the bulk composition can only be inferred through interior models. As a result, advancements in modelling…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-08 Saburo Howard , Ravit Helled , Simon Müller