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Complex weights appear in Physics which are beyond a straightforward importance sampling treatment, as required in Monte Carlo calculations. This is the well-known sign problem. The complex Langevin approach amounts to effectively construct…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2018-04-18 L. L. Salcedo

Ensemble methods have become ubiquitous for the solution of Bayesian inference problems. State-of-the-art Langevin samplers such as the Ensemble Kalman Sampler (EKS), Affine Invariant Langevin Dynamics (ALDI) or its extension using weighted…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-12-23 Martin Eigel , Robert Gruhlke , David Sommer

We analyze to what extent the complex Langevin method, which is in principle capable of solving the so-called sign problems, can be considered as reliable. We give a formal derivation of the correctness and then point out various…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2010-04-14 Gert Aarts , Erhard Seiler , Ion-Olimpiu Stamatescu

The method of complex Langevin simulations is a tool that can be used to tackle the complex-action problem encountered, for instance, in finite-density lattice quantum chromodynamics or real-time lattice field theories. The method is based…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2024-10-18 Michael Mandl , Michael W. Hansen , Erhard Seiler , Dénes Sexty

The complex Langevin method is a leading candidate for solving the so-called sign problem occurring in various physical situations. Its most vexing problem is that in some cases it produces `convergence to the wrong limit'. In the first…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2015-05-27 Gert Aarts , Frank A. James , Erhard Seiler , Ion-Olimpiu Stamatescu

One of the yet unsolved questions of QCD in the context of the Standard Model is to explain the strong CP problem. A way to look for a better understanding of it is to investigate the theory in the presence of a non-zero topological theta…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2014-11-05 Lorenzo Bongiovanni , Gert Aarts , Erhard Seiler , Denes Sexty

In the landscape of approaches toward the simulation of Lattice Models with complex action the Complex Langevin (CL) appears as a straightforward method with a simple, well defined setup. Its applicability, however, is controlled by certain…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2018-04-18 Gert Aarts , Kirill Boguslavski , Manuel Scherzer , Erhard Seiler , Dénes Sexty , Ion-Olimpiu Stamatescu

Recently there has been remarkable progress in solving the sign problem, which occurs in investigating statistical systems with a complex weight. The two promising methods, the complex Langevin method and the Lefschetz thimble method, share…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2018-04-18 Jun Nishimura , Shinji Shimasaki

The complex Langevin method (CLM) provides a promising way to perform the path integral with a complex action using a stochastic equation for complexified dynamical variables. It is known, however, that the method gives wrong results in…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2016-12-01 Shinji Shimasaki , Keitaro Nagata , Jun Nishimura

Transition of a system between two states is an important but difficult problem in natural science. In this article we study the transition problem in the framework of transition path ensemble. Using the overdamped Langevin method, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-02-01 De-Zhang Li , Jia-Rui Zeng , Wei-Jie Huang , Yao Yao , Xiao-Bao Yang

We propose a sampling method based on an ensemble approximation of second order Langevin dynamics. The log target density is appended with a quadratic term in an auxiliary momentum variable and damped-driven Hamiltonian dynamics introduced;…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Ziming Liu , Andrew M. Stuart , Yixuan Wang

At nonzero chemical potential the numerical sign problem in lattice field theory limits the use of standard algorithms based on importance sampling. Complex Langevin dynamics provides a possible solution, but it has to be applied with care.…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2015-06-15 Gert Aarts , Lorenzo Bongiovanni , Erhard Seiler , Denes Sexty , Ion-Olimpiu Stamatescu

We develop a way of improving complex Langevin dynamics motivated by the Lefschetz-thimble decomposition of integrals. In our method, arbitrary observables of an original model with multiple Lefschetz thimbles are computed by a modified…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2016-10-12 Shoichiro Tsutsui , Takahiro M. Doi

Non-perturbative formulations of field theories are essential to capture intriguing physical phenomena, including confinement in QCD, spontaneous supersymmetry breaking, and dynamical compactification in superstrings. Lattice regularization…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2023-09-08 Arpith Kumar

The Complex Langevin (CL) method to simulate `complex probabilities', ideally produces expectation values for the observables that converge to a limit equal to the expectation values obtained with the original complex `probability' measure.…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2023-12-01 Erhard Seiler , Dénes Sexty , Ion-Olimpiu Stamatescu

This review explores the Complex Langevin Method (CLM), a stochastic quantization technique designed to address the sign problem in quantum field theories with complex actions. Beginning with foundational principles, the review examines the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-04-04 Anosh Joseph , Arpith Kumar

We study the utility of a complex Langevin (CL) equation as an alternative for the Monte Carlo (MC) procedure in the evaluation of expectation values occurring in fermionic many-body problems. We find that a CL approach is natural in cases…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-06 Chris Adami , Steven E. Koonin

The classical Langevin Monte Carlo method looks for samples from a target distribution by descending the samples along the gradient of the target distribution. The method enjoys a fast convergence rate. However, the numerical cost is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-07 Zhiyan Ding , Qin Li

Complex Langevin simulations are an attempt to solve the sign (or complex-action) problem encountered in various physical systems of interest. The method is based on a complexification of the underlying degrees of freedom and an evolution…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-04-08 Michael W. Hansen , Michael Mandl , Erhard Seiler , Dénes Sexty

There are problems in physics and particularly in field theory which are defined by complex valued weight functions $e^{-S}$ where $S$ is a polynomial action $S: R^n \rightarrow C $. The conditions under which a convergent complex Langevin…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2009-10-22 H. Gausterer