English

The Complex Langevin method: When can it be trusted?

High Energy Physics - Lattice 2010-04-14 v2 Statistical Mechanics High Energy Physics - Theory Mathematical Physics math.MP

Abstract

We analyze to what extent the complex Langevin method, which is in principle capable of solving the so-called sign problems, can be considered as reliable. We give a formal derivation of the correctness and then point out various mathematical loopholes. The detailed study of some simple examples leads to practical suggestions about the application of the method.

Cite

@article{arxiv.0912.3360,
  title  = {The Complex Langevin method: When can it be trusted?},
  author = {Gert Aarts and Erhard Seiler and Ion-Olimpiu Stamatescu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:0912.3360},
  year   = {2010}
}

Comments

14 pages, including several eps figures and tables; clarification and minor corrections added, to appear in PRD

R2 v1 2026-06-21T14:25:03.234Z