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In recent years, there has been a huge trend to penetrate renewable energy sources into energy networks. However, these sources introduce uncertain power generation depending on environmental conditions. Therefore, finding 'optimal' and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-02-26 Erfan Mohagheghi , Abebe Geletu , Nils Bremser , Mansour Alramlawi , Aouss Gabash , Pu Li

This paper proposes a generic and unified model of the power flow (PF) problem for multiterminal hybrid AC/DC networks. The proposed model is an extension of the standard AC-PF. The DC network is treated as an AC one and, in addition to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-02 Willem Lambrichts , Mario Paolone

This paper proposes a quasi-optimal power flow (OPF) algorithm for flexible DC traction power systems (TPSs). Near-optimal solutions can be solved with high computational efficiency by the proposed quasi-OPF. Unlike conventional OPF…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-08 Zhanhe Li , Xiaoqian Li , Yingdong Wei , Chao Lu , Xuelian Bai

This paper introduces a novel distributed optimization framework for large-scale AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems, offering both theoretical convergence guarantees and rapid convergence in practice. By integrating smoothing techniques…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Xinliang Dai , Yuning Jiang , Yi Guo , Colin N. Jones , Moritz Diehl , Veit Hagenmeyer

Multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MTHVDC) technology is a promising technology for the offshore wind farm integration, which requires the new control and operation scheme. Therefore, the optimal power flow problem for this system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-08 Yuhao Zhou , Long Zhao , Wei-Jen Lee , Zhenyuan Zhang , Peng Wang

We present a decomposition approach for obtaining good feasible solutions for the security-constrained alternating-current optimal power flow (SCACOPF) problem at an industrial scale and under real-world time and computational limits. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-06 Cosmin G. Petra , Ignacio Aravena

Despite significant economic and ecological effects, a higher level of renewable energy generation leads to increased uncertainty and variability in power injections, thus compromising grid reliability. In order to improve power grid…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-24 Aleksander Lukashevich , Vyacheslav Gorchakov , Petr Vorobev , Deepjyoti Deka , Yury Maximov

Flexible transmission line impedances on one hand are a promising control resource for facilitating grid flexibility, but on the other hand add much complexity to the concerned optimization problems. This paper develops a convexification…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-12 Yue Song , David J. Hill , Tao Liu , Tianlun Chen

Recently there has been considerable progress on the analysis of stability and performance properties of so-called economic Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) schemes; i.e. NMPC schemes employing stage costs that are not directly…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-12-10 Timm Faulwasser , Alexander Engelmann

With the rise of renewable energy sources and their high variability in generation, the management of power grids becomes increasingly complex and computationally demanding. Conventional AC-power-flow simulations, which use the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Muhammed Öz , Jasmin Hörter , Kaleb Phipps , Charlotte Debus , Achim Streit , Markus Götz

This paper presents a new method for enhancing Alternating Current Power Flow (ACPF) analysis. The method integrates the Newton-Raphson (NR) method with Enhanced-Gradient Descent (GD) and computational graphs. The integration of renewable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-18 Masoud Barati

This article develops a strengthened convex quadratic convex (QC) relaxation of the AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem and presents an optimization-based bound-tightening (OBBT) algorithm to compute tight, feasible bounds on the voltage…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-01-30 Kaarthik Sundar , Harsha Nagarajan , Sidhant Misra , Mowen Lu , Carleton Coffrin , Russell Bent

We derive the branch ampacity constraint associated to power losses for the convex optimal power flow (OPF) model based on the branch flow formulation. The branch ampacity constraint derivation is motivated by the physical interpretation of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-14 Zhao Yuan , Mario Paolone

Alternating-Current Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) is an optimization problem critical for planning and operating the power grid. The problem is traditionally formulated using only continuous variables. Typically, control devices with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-15 Timothy McNamara , Amritanshu Pandey , Aayushya Agarwal , Larry Pileggi

The AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem is central to power system operation but challenging to solve efficiently due to its nonconvex and nonlinear nature. Neural networks (NNs) offer fast surrogates, yet their black-box behavior raises…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Bastien Giraud , Rahul Nellikath , Johanna Vorwerk , Maad Alowaifeer , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Linear optimal power flow (LOPF) algorithms use a linearization of the alternating current (AC) load flow equations to optimize generator dispatch in a network subject to the loading constraints of the network branches. Common algorithms…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2018-02-01 Jonas Hörsch , Henrik Ronellenfitsch , Dirk Witthaut , Tom Brown

This paper introduces, for the first time to our knowledge, physics-informed neural networks to accurately estimate the AC-OPF result and delivers rigorous guarantees about their performance. Power system operators, along with several other…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-29 Rahul Nellikkath , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

In this paper, we analyze the relationship between generation dispatch solutions produced by the DC optimal power flow (DC OPF) problem by the AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) problem. While there has been much previous work in analyzing the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-06 Kyri Baker

Optimisation and simulation models for the design and operation of grid-connected distributed energy systems (DES) often exclude the inherent nonlinearities related to power flow and generation and storage units, to maintain an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-05 Ishanki A. De Mel , Oleksiy V. Klymenko , Michael Short

The Optimal power flow (OPF) problem contains many constraints. However, equality constraints along with a limited set of active inequality constraints encompass sufficient information to determine the feasible space of the problem. In this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-09 Fouad Hasan , Amin Kargarian , Javad Mohammadi