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Solving the AC optimal power flow problem (AC-OPF) is critical to the efficient and safe planning and operation of power grids. Small efficiency improvements in this domain have the potential to lead to billions of dollars of cost savings,…

Alternating current optimal power flow (AC-OPF) is one of the fundamental problems in power systems operation. AC-OPF is traditionally cast as a constrained optimization problem that seeks optimal generation set points whilst fulfilling a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Henning Lange , Bingqing Chen , Mario Berges , Soummya Kar

The nonlinear programming (NLP) problem to solve distribution-level optimal power flow (D-OPF) poses convergence issues and does not scale well for unbalanced distribution systems. The existing scalable D-OPF algorithms either use…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Rahul Ranjan Jha , Anamika Dubey

Power grid operators typically solve large-scale, nonconvex optimal power flow (OPF) problems throughout the day to determine optimal setpoints for generators while adhering to physical constraints. Despite being at the heart of many OPF…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-11-03 Kyri Baker

The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem is a fundamental building block for the optimization of electrical power systems. It is nonlinear and nonconvex and computes the generator setpoints for power and voltage, given a set of load demands. It…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-04 Ferdinando Fioretto , Terrence W. K. Mak , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Many problems in power systems involve optimizing a certain objective function subject to power flow equations and engineering constraints. A long-standing challenge in solving them is the nonconvexity of their feasible sets. In this paper,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-03 Ling Zhang , Daniel Tabas , Baosen Zhang

This paper develops a branch-flow based optimal power flow (OPF) problem for multi-phase distribution networks that allows for tap selection of wye, closed-delta, and open-delta step-voltage regulators (SVRs). SVRs are assumed ideal and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-01-16 Mohammadhafez Bazrafshan , Nikolaos Gatsis , Hao Zhu

The Reactive Optimal Power Flow (ROPF) problem consists in computing an optimal power generation dispatch for an alternating current transmission network that respects power flow equations and operational constraints. Some means of action…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Julie Sliwak , Miguel Anjos , Lucas Létocart , Emiliano Traversi

Solving the nonlinear AC optimal power flow (AC OPF) problem remains a major computational bottleneck for real-time grid operations. In this paper, we propose a residual learning paradigm that uses fast DC optimal power flow (DC OPF)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Muhy Eddin Za'ter , Bri-Mathias Hodge , Kyri Baker

This tutorial summarizes recent advances in the convex relaxation of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem, focusing on structural properties rather than algorithms. Part I presents two power flow models, formulates OPF and their relaxations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Steven H. Low

This paper proposes a new optimization model and solution method for determining optimal locations and sizing of renewable energy sources and hydrogen storage in a power network. We obtain these strategic decisions based on the multi-period…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-25 Sezen Ece Kayacık , Albert H. Schrotenboer , Evrim Ursavas , Iris F. A. Vis

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a very fundamental but vital optimization problem in the power system, which aims at solving a specific objective function (ex.: generator costs) while maintaining the system in the stable and safe operations. In…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-09 Yuhao Zhou , Bei Zhang , Chunlei Xu , Tu Lan , Ruisheng Diao , Di Shi , Zhiwei Wang , Wei-Jen Lee

This paper considers future distribution networks featuring inverter-interfaced photovoltaic (PV) systems, and addresses the synthesis of feedback controllers that seek real- and reactive-power inverter setpoints corresponding to AC optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-17 Emiliano Dall'Anese , Sairaj V. Dhople , Georgios B. Giannakis

The optimal power flow (OPF) is an optimization model dedicated to the development of computational tools used for the planning and operation of electric power systems (EPS). In this work, based on the polar formulation, an extended convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-30 Mauro Viegas da Silva , Mahdi Pourakbari-Kasmaei , J. Roberto Sanches Mantovani

AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problems need to be solved more frequently in the future to maintain stable and economic power system operation. To tackle this challenge, a deep neural network-based voltage-constrained approach (DeepOPF-V)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-20 Wanjun Huang , Xiang Pan , Minghua Chen , Steven H. Low

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a fundamental problem in power systems. It is computationally challenging and a recent line of research has proposed the use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to find OPF approximations at vastly reduced runtimes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 My H. Dinh , Ferdinando Fioretto , Mostafa Mohammadian , Kyri Baker

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a critical optimization problem for power systems to operate at points where cost or other operational objectives are optimized. Due to the non-convexity of the set of feasible OPF operating points, it is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-03 Daniel Turizo , Diego Cifuentes , Anton Leykin , Daniel K. Molzahn

The increasing penetration of renewable energy resources, paired with the fact that load can vary significantly, introduce a high degree of uncertainty in the behavior of modern power grids. Given that classical dispatch solutions are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-31 Mohammadreza Chamanbaz , Fabrizio Dabbene , Constantino Lagoa

DC Optimal Power Flow (DC-OPF) problems optimize the generators' active power setpoints while satisfying constraints based on the DC power flow linearization. The computational tractability advantages of DC-OPF problems come at the expense…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Babak Taheri , Daniel K. Molzahn

Learning to solve the Alternating Current Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem by neural networks (NNs) is a promising approach in real-time applications. Existing methods to ensure the physical feasibility of NN outputs embed a power flow…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiebao Zhang , Haoyu Yan , Zhichao Sheng , Hongwen Yu , Shuang Ye , Haoyu Wang , Ye Shi