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A vertex coloring of a given simple graph $G=(V,E)$ with $k$ colors ($k$-coloring) is a map from its vertex set to the set of integers $\{1,2,3,\dots, k\}$. A coloring is called perfect if the multiset of colors appearing on the neighbours…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-29 O. G. Parshina , M. A. Lisitsyna

For a tree T on n vertices, we study the Maker-Breaker game, played on the edge set of the complete graph on n vertices, which Maker wins as soon as the graph she builds contains a copy of T. We prove that if T has bounded maximum degree,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-04-16 Dennis Clemens , Asaf Ferber , Roman Glebov , Dan Hefetz , Anita Liebenau

We consider the graph coloring game, a game in which two players take turns properly coloring the vertices of a graph, with one player attempting to complete a proper coloring, and the other player attempting to prevent a proper coloring.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-10 Peter Bradshaw

We introduce achievement positional games, a convention for positional games which encompasses the Maker-Maker and Maker-Breaker conventions. We consider two hypergraphs, one red and one blue, on the same vertex set. Two players, Left and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Florian Galliot , Jonas Sénizergues

Let $G$ be a graph and c a proper k-coloring of G, i.e. any two adjacent vertices u and v have different colors c(u) and c(v). A proper k-coloring is a b-coloring if there exists a vertex in every color class that contains all the colors in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-23 Magda Dettlaff , Hanna Furmańczyk , Iztok Peterin , Riana Roux , Radosław Ziemann

Online Ramsey game is played between Builder and Painter on an infinite board $K_{\mathbb N}$. In every round Builder selects an edge, then Painter colors it red or blue. Both know target graphs $H_1$ and $H_2$. Builder aims to create…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-28 Grzegorz Adamski , Małgorzata Bednarska-Bzdȩga , Václav Blažej

By now, the Maker-Breaker connectivity game on a complete graph $K_n$ or on a random graph $G\sim G_{n,p}$ is well studied. Recently, London and Pluh\'ar suggested a variant in which Maker always needs to choose her edges in such a way that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-22 Dennis Clemens , Laurin Kirsch , Yannick Mogge

A proper coloring of vertices of a graph is equitable if the sizes of any two color classes differ by at most 1. Such colorings have many applications and are interesting by themselves. In this paper, we discuss the state of art and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-22 H. A. Kierstead , Alexandr Kostochka , Zimu Xiang

The Maker-Breaker domination game (MBD game) is a two-player game played on a graph $G$ by Dominator and Staller. They alternately select unplayed vertices of $G$. The goal of Dominator is to form a dominating set with the set of vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Athira Divakaran , Tanja Dravec , Tijo James , Sandi Klavžar , Latha S Nair

Indicated coloring is a type of game coloring in which two players collectively color the vertices of a graph in the following way. In each round the first player (Ann) selects a vertex, and then the second player (Ben) colors it properly,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-02 P. Francis , S. Francis Raj , M. Gokulnath

The restricted $(m,n;N)$-online Ramsey game is a game played between two players, Builder and Painter. The game starts with $N$ isolated vertices. Each turn Builder picks an edge to build and Painter chooses whether that edge is red or…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-10 David Gonzalez , Xiaoyu He , Hanzhi Zheng

In the Maker-Breaker resolving game, two players named Resolver and Spoiler alternately select unplayed vertices of a given graph $G$. The aim of Resolver is to select all the vertices of some resolving set of $G$, while Spoiler aims to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Savitha K S , Sandi Klavžar , Tijo James

We present new results on Maker-Breaker games arising from the Erd\H{o}s-Szekeres problem in planar geometry. This classical problem asks how large a set in general position has to be to ensure the existence of $n$ points that are the…

A $k$-coloring of a tournament is a partition of its vertices into $k$ acyclic sets. Deciding if a tournament is 2-colorable is NP-hard. A natural problem, akin to that of coloring a 3-colorable graph with few colors, is to color a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Felix Klingelhoefer , Alantha Newman

Consider the following game on a graph $G$: Alice and Bob take turns coloring the vertices of $G$ properly from a fixed set of colors; Alice wins when the entire graph has been colored, while Bob wins when some uncolored vertices have been…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Tomasz Krawczyk , Bartosz Walczak

We consider a simple game, the $k$-regular graph game, in which players take turns adding edges to an initially empty graph subject to the constraint that the degrees of vertices cannot exceed $k$. We show a sharp topological threshold for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-01-23 Alan Frieze , Wesley Pegden

We define the problem as a two-player game between Algorithm and Builder. The game is played in rounds. Each round, Builder presents an interval that is neither contained in nor contains any previously presented interval. Algorithm…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-26 Israel R. Curbelo , Hannah R. Malko

A general position set of a graph $G$ is a set of vertices $S$ in $G$ such that no three vertices from $S$ lie on a common shortest path. In this paper we introduce and study the general position achievement game. The game is played on a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-16 Sandi Klavžar , Neethu P. K. , Ullas Chandran S.

The $(m,n)$-online Ramsey game is a combinatorial game between two players, Builder and Painter. Starting from an infinite set of isolated vertices, Builder draws an edge on each turn and Painter immediately paints it red or blue. Builder's…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-06 David Conlon , Jacob Fox , Andrey Grinshpun , Xiaoyu He

Given a graph $G$ and color set $\{1, \ldots, k\}$, a $\textit{proper coloring}$ is an assignment of a color to each vertex of $G$ such that no two vertices connected by an edge are given the same color. The problem of drawing a proper…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Mark Huber
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