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This survey concerns regular graphs that are extremal with respect to the number of independent sets, and more generally, graph homomorphisms. More precisely, in the family of of $d$-regular graphs, which graph $G$ maximizes/minimizes the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-03 Yufei Zhao

The goal of this work is to give precise bounds on the counting complexity of a family of generalized coloring problems (list homomorphisms) on bounded-treewidth graphs. Given graphs $G$, $H$, and lists $L(v)\subseteq V(H)$ for every $v\in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Jacob Focke , Dániel Marx , Paweł Rzążewski

The total $\sigma$-irregularity is given by $ \sigma_t(G) = \sum_{\{u,v\} \subseteq V(G)} \left(d_G(u) - d_G(v)\right)^2, $ where $d_G(z)$ indicates the degree of a vertex $z$ within the graph $G$. It is known that the graphs maximizing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Martin Knor , Riste Škrekovski , Slobodan Filipovski , Darko Dimitrov

In this paper, we study the graph classification problem from the graph homomorphism perspective. We consider the homomorphisms from $F$ to $G$, where $G$ is a graph of interest (e.g. molecules or social networks) and $F$ belongs to some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Hoang NT , Takanori Maehara

Let $F(G)$ be the number of forests of a graph $G$. Similarly let $C(G)$ be the number of connected spanning subgraphs of a connected graph $G$. We bound $F(G)$ and $C(G)$ for regular graphs and for graphs with fixed average degree. Among…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-03 Márton Borbényi , Péter Csikvári , Haoran Luo

In this paper we study several problems concerning the number of homomorphisms of trees. We give an algorithm for the number of homomorphisms from a tree to any graph by the Transfer-matrix method. By using this algorithm and some…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-07-26 Péter Csikvári , Zhicong Lin

The goal of this paper is to investigate a family of optimization problems arising from list homomorphisms, and to understand what the best possible algorithms are if we restrict the problem to bounded-treewidth graphs. For a fixed $H$, the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Barış Can Esmer , Jacob Focke , Dániel Marx , Paweł Rzążewski

We study the problem of embedding bipartite graphs in Ahlfors-David regular sets of large dimension using results from extremal graph theory. Our main theorem states that any graph satisfying a power-improving bound on the extremal number…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Alex McDonald

For a family $\mathcal{F}$ of graphs, let $ex(n,\mathcal{F})$ denote the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex graph which contains none of the members of $\mathcal{F}$ as a subgraph. A longstanding problem in extremal graph theory asks…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-06 Jie Ma , Tianchi Yang

For graphs $G$ and $H$, a \emph{homomorphism} from $G$ to $H$ is an edge-preserving mapping from the vertex set of $G$ to the vertex set of $H$. For a fixed graph $H$, by \textsc{Hom($H$)} we denote the computational problem which asks…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Karolina Okrasa , Paweł Rzążewski

Given a graph $H$, we investigate the $d$-regular graphs $G$ with the highest $H$-density. We reframe the problem as a continuous optimization problem on the eigenvalues of $G$ by relating injective homomorphism numbers from $H$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Gabor Lippner , Arturo Ortiz San Miguel

We systematically study a natural problem in extremal graph theory, to minimize the number of edges in a graph with a fixed number of vertices, subject to a certain local condition: each vertex must be in a copy of a fixed graph $H$. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-24 Debsoumya Chakraborti , Po-Shen Loh

We construct a family of countexamples to a conjecture of Galvin [5], which stated that for any $n$-vertex, $d$-regular graph $G$ and any graph $H$ (possibly with loops), \[\hom(G,H) \leq \max\left\lbrace\hom(K_{d,d}, H)^{\frac{n}{2d}},…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-09 Luke Sernau

Fix an integer $n \geq 1$, and consider the set of all connected finite simple graphs on $n$ vertices. For each $G$ in this set, let $I(G)$ denote the edge ideal of $G$ in the polynomial ring $R = K[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$. We initiate a study of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-18 Takayuki Hibi , Kyouko Kimura , Kazunori Matsuda , Adam Van Tuyl

A graph $G$ is $\textit{universal}$ for a (finite) family $\mathcal{H}$ of graphs if every $H \in \mathcal{H}$ is a subgraph of $G$. For a given family $\mathcal{H}$, the goal is to determine the smallest number of edges an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-12 Noga Alon , Natalie Dodson , Carmen Jackson , Rose McCarty , Rajko Nenadov , Lani Southern

Extremal graph theory studies the maximum or minimum number of subgraphs isomorphic to a prescribed graph under given constraints. \textit{Localization} has recently emerged as a framework that refines such problems by assigning extremal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Rajat Adak , L. Sunil Chandran

For graphs $G$ and $H$, a {\em homomorphism} from $G$ to $H$, or {\em $H$-coloring} of $G$, is an adjacency preserving map from the vertex set of $G$ to the vertex set of $H$. Writing ${\rm hom}(G,H)$ for the number of $H$-colorings…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-06-15 David Galvin

In this paper we are concerned with various graph invariants (girth, diameter, expansion constants, eigenvalues of the Laplacian, tree number) and their analogs for weighted graphs -- weighing the graph changes a combinatorial problem to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dmitry Jakobson , Igor Rivin

For a graph $G$, let $t(G)$ denote the maximum number of vertices in an induced subgraph of $G$ that is a tree. Further, for a vertex $v\in V(G)$, let $t^v(G)$ denote the maximum number of vertices in an induced subgraph of $G$ that is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-12-15 Florian Pfender

In \cite{2012a}, Abdo and Dimitov defined the total irregularity of a graph $G=(V,E)$ as \hskip3.3cm $\rm irr_{t}$$(G) = \frac{1}{2}\sum_{u,v\in V}|d_{G}(u)-d_{G}(v)|, $ \noindent where $d_{G}(u)$ denotes the vertex degree of a vertex $u\in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-04-04 Yingxue Zhu , Lihua You , Jieshan Yang
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