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The purpose of this survey is to provide a gentle introduction to several recent breakthroughs in graph Ramsey theory. In particular, we will outline the proofs (due to various groups of authors) of exponential improvements to the diagonal,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-09 Robert Morris

We introduce a graph Ramsey game called Ramsey, Paper, Scissors. This game has two players, Proposer and Decider. Starting from an empty graph on $n$ vertices, on each turn Proposer proposes a potential edge and Decider simultaneously…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-24 Jacob Fox , Xiaoyu He , Yuval Wigderson

Computer-based attempts to construct lower bounds for small Ramsey numbers are discussed. A systematic review of cyclic Ramsey graphs is attempted. Many known lower bounds are reproduced. Several new bounds are reported.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-03-02 Eugene Kuznetsov

The restricted $(m,n;N)$-online Ramsey game is a game played between two players, Builder and Painter. The game starts with $N$ isolated vertices. Each turn Builder picks an edge to build and Painter chooses whether that edge is red or…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-10 David Gonzalez , Xiaoyu He , Hanzhi Zheng

We give two lower bound formulas for multicolored Ramsey numbers. These formulas improve the bounds for several small multicolored Ramsey numbers.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Aaron Robertson

The online Ramsey turnaround game is a game between two players, Builder and Painter, on a board of $n$ vertices using $3$ colors, for a fixed graph $H$ on at most $n$ vertices. The goal of Painter is to force a monochromatic copy of $H$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Nóra Almási , Maria Axenovich

The $(m,n)$-online Ramsey game is a combinatorial game between two players, Builder and Painter. Starting from an infinite set of isolated vertices, Builder draws an edge on each turn and Painter immediately paints it red or blue. Builder's…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-06 David Conlon , Jacob Fox , Andrey Grinshpun , Xiaoyu He

Ramsey's theorem, concerning the guarantee of certain monochromatic patterns in large enough edge-coloured complete graphs, is a fundamental result in combinatorial mathematics. In this work, we highlight the connection between this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-01 Jurriaan Wouters , Aris Giotis , Ross Kang , Dirk Schuricht , Lars Fritz

Combinatorial games lead to several interesting, clean problems in algorithms and complexity theory, many of which remain open. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the area to encourage further research. In particular, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-09-25 Erik D. Demaine , Robert A. Hearn

We introduce a new combinatorial game, named Triangle Game. In this game, a directed $3$-cycle graph is given, and tokens are placed on each vertex. The player chooses an edge and takes at least one token from the initial vertex. At the…

We give an exponential improvement to the lower bound on diagonal Ramsey numbers for any fixed number of colors greater than two.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-30 David Conlon , Asaf Ferber

In this paper we solve the three-player-game question. A three-player-game consists of a series of rounds. There are altogether three players. Two players participate in each round, at the end of the round the loser quits and the third…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-09-11 Fangqi Li

The two-colour Ramsey number $R(m,n)$ is the least natural number $p$ such that any graph of order $p$ must contain either a clique of size $m$ or an independent set of size $n$. We exhibit a method for computing upper bounds for $R(m,n)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-03 Oliver Krüger

Notes on the Spinpossible puzzle game. We give a mathematical description of the game, prove some elementary bounds on the length of optimal solutions, and consider variations of the game which place restrictions on the set of permitted…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-11-01 Alex Sutherland , Andrew Sutherland

The online ordered Ramsey game is played between two players, Builder and Painter, on an infinite sequence of vertices with ordered graphs $(G_1,G_2)$, which have linear orderings on their vertices. On each turn, Builder first selects an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Emily Heath , Dylan King , Grace McCourt , Hannah Sheats , Justin Wisby

Online Ramsey game is played between Builder and Painter on an infinite board $K_{\mathbb N}$. In every round Builder selects an edge, then Painter colors it red or blue. Both know target graphs $H_1$ and $H_2$. Builder aims to create…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-28 Grzegorz Adamski , Małgorzata Bednarska-Bzdȩga , Václav Blažej

Topological Ramsey theory studies a class of combinatorial topological spaces, known as topological Ramsey spaces, unifying the essential features of those combinatorial frames where the Ramsey property is equivalent to the Baire property.…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-06-24 Julián C. Cano , Carlos A. Di Prisco

Motivated by the investigation of sharpness of thresholds for Ramsey properties in random graphs, Friedgut, Kohayakawa, R\"odl, Ruci\'nski and Tetali introduced two variants of a single-player game whose goal is to colour the edges of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-05 Yahav Alon , Patrick Morris , Wojciech Samotij

In 1982, Harary introduced the concept of Ramsey achievement game on graphs. Given a graph $F$ with no isolated vertices. Consider the following game played on the complete graph $K_n$ by two players Alice and Bob. First, Alice colors one…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-09 Xiumin Wang , Zhong Huang , Xiangqian Zhou , Ralf Klasing , Yaping Mao

The Nakamura number of a simple game plays a critical role in preference aggregation (or multi-criterion ranking): the number of alternatives that the players can always deal with rationally is less than this number. We comprehensively…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2011-07-05 Masahiro Kumabe , H. Reiju Mihara
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