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While Kolmogorov's probability axioms are widely recognized, it is less well known that in an often-overlooked 1930 note, Kolmogorov proposed an axiomatic framework for a unifying concept of the mean -- referred to as regular means. This…
The main goal of this article is to put some known results in a common perspective and to simplify their proofs. We start with a simple proof of a result of Vereshchagin saying that $\limsup_n C(x|n)$ equals $C^{0'}(x)$. Then we use the…
A theory of quantitative inference about the parameters of sampling distributions is constructed deductively by following very general rules, referred to as the Cox-Polya-Jaynes Desiderata. The inferences are made in terms of probability…
Quantum decision theory is introduced here, and new basis for this theory is proposed. It is first based upon the author's general arguments for the Hilbert space formalism in quantum theory, next on arguments for the Born rule, that is,…
We consider how to define a natural probability distribution over worlds within a simple class of deterministic many-worlds theories. This can help us understand the typical properties of worlds within such states, and hence explain the…
This paper develops a geometric reinterpretation of probability in which expectation arises from averaging in probability coordinates rather than in value space. By interpreting the cumulative distribution functions as coordinate maps, a…
Imagine being shown $N$ samples of random variables drawn independently from the same distribution. What can you say about the distribution? In general, of course, the answer is nothing, unless we have some prior notions about what to…
The Boltzmann distribution describes a single parameter (temperature) family of probability distributions over a state space; at any given temperature, the ratio of probabilities of two states depends on their difference in energy. The same…
Conditional independence and Markov properties are powerful tools allowing expression of multidimensional probability distributions by means of low-dimensional ones. As multidimensional possibilistic models have been studied for several…
Commonly observed patterns typically follow a few distinct families of probability distributions. Over one hundred years ago, Karl Pearson provided a systematic derivation and classification of the common continuous distributions. His…
We present a new perspective of assessing the rates of convergence to the Gaussian and Poisson distributions in the Erd\"os-Kac theorem for additive arithmetic functions $\psi$ of a random integer $J_n$ uniformly distributed over…
Bohmian mechanics represents the universe as a set of paths with a probability measure defined on it. The way in which a mathematical model of this kind can explain the observed phenomena of the universe is examined in general. It is shown…
Conventional quantum mechanics with a complex Hilbert space and the Born Rule is derived from five axioms describing properties of probability distributions for the outcome of measurements. Axioms I,II,III are common to quantum mechanics…
Andrei Kolmogorov's Grundbegriffe der Wahrscheinlichkeits-rechnung put probability's modern mathematical formalism in place. It also provided a philosophy of probability--an explanation of how the formalism can be connected to the world of…
If we accept Savage's set of axioms, then all uncertainties must be treated like ordinary probability. Savage espoused subjective probability, allowing, for example, the probability of Donald Trump's re-election. But Savage's probability…
Stochastic independence has a complex status in probability theory. It is not part of the definition of a probability measure, but it is nonetheless an essential property for the mathematical development of this theory. Bayesian decision…
Given a universe of discourse X-a domain of possible outcomes-an experiment may consist of selecting one of its elements, subject to the operation of chance, or of observing the elements, subject to imprecision. A priori uncertainty about…
To begin with, it is pointed out that the form of the quantum probabil- ity formula originates in the very initial state of the object system as seen when the state is expanded with the eigen-projectors of the measured ob- servable. Making…
We give an estimate for the Kolmogorov distance between an infinitely divisible distribution (with mean zero and variance one) and the standard Gaussian distribution in terms of the difference between the fourth moment and 3. In a similar…
Previously referred to as `miraculous' in the scientific literature because of its powerful properties and its wide application as optimal solution to the problem of induction/inference, (approximations to) Algorithmic Probability (AP) and…