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Related papers: Cross-talk between topological defects in differen…

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Field theories predict that phase transitions sequentially breaking continuous and discrete symmetries can generate hybrid topological structures in which defects of different dimensionalities merge. We report experimental and numerical…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-09 Shengzhu Yi , Chao Zhou , Zening Hong , Zhongjie Ma , Mingjun Huang , Satoshi Aya , Rui Zhang , Qi-Huo Wei

Topological defects in active polar fluids exhibit complex dynamics driven by internally generated stresses, reflecting the deep interplay between topology, flow, and non-equilibrium hydrodynamics. Feedback control offers a powerful means…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-28 Abhinav Singh , Petros Koumoutsakos

Non-equilibrium dynamics of topological defects can be used as a fundamental propulsion mechanism in microscopic active matter. Here, we demonstrate swimming of topological defect-propelled colloidal particles in (passive) nematic fluids…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-09-30 Tianyi Yao , Žiga Kos , Yimin Luo , Edward B. Steager , Miha Ravnik , Kathleen J. Stebe

Active matter encompasses different nonequilibrium systems in which individual constituents convert energy into non-conservative forces or motion at the microscale. This review provides an elementary introduction to the role of topology in…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-06-28 Suraj Shankar , Anton Souslov , Mark J. Bowick , M. Cristina Marchetti , Vincenzo Vitelli

The interplay of nonlinearity and topology results in many novel and emergent properties across a number of physical systems such as chiral magnets, nematic liquid crystals, Bose-Einstein condensates, photonics, high energy physics, etc. It…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2020-08-25 A. Saxena , P. G. Kevrekidis , J. Cuevas-Maraver

Topological defects play a key role in two-dimensional active nematics, and a transient role in two-dimensional active polar fluids. In this paper, we study both the transient and long-time behavior of defects in two-dimensional active…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-09-24 Farzan Vafa

Topological defects arise in a variety of systems, e.g. vortices in superfluid helium to cosmic strings in the early universe. There is an indirect evidence of neutron superfluid vortices from glitches in pulsars. One also expects that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-09-25 Arpan Das , Shreyansh S. Dave , Somnath De , Ajit M. Srivastava

Topology transcends boundaries that conventionally delineate physical, biological and engineering sciences. Our ability to mathematically describe topology, combined with our access to precision tracking and manipulation approaches, has…

Biological Physics · Physics 2021-01-01 Anupam Sengupta

Topological defects are fundamental to the collective dynamics of non-equilibrium systems and in active matter, mediating spontaneous flows, dynamic self-organization, and emergent pattern formation. Here, we reveal critical states in…

In two dimensional nematics, topological defects are point like singularities with both a charge and a phase. We study topological defects within curved nematic textures on the surface of a cylinder. This allows us to isolate the effect of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-05-10 Daniel J. G. Pearce

In pulsating active matter, topological defects are motile despite the absence of any macroscopic flows and microscopic self-propulsion. We reveal that this motility arises from a ratchet effect: the mechanochemical coupling between local…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-26 Luca Casagrande , Alessandro Manacorda , Etienne Fodor

Topology can manifest itself in colloids when quantified by invariants like Euler characteristics of nonzero-genus colloidal surfaces, albeit spherical colloidal particles are most often studied, and colloidal particles with complex…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-03-25 Jun-Yong Lee , Asha Kumari , Ye Yuan , Mykola Tasinkevych , Ivan I. Smalyukh

Topological defects are an essential part of the structure and dynamics of all liquid crystals, and they are particularly important in experiments and simulations on active liquid crystals. In a recent paper, Vromans and Giomi [Soft Matter,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-08-23 Xingzhou Tang , Jonathan V. Selinger

Topological defects play a central role in the formation and organization of various biological systems. Historically, such nonequilibrium defects have been mainly studied in the context of homogeneous active nematics. Phase-separated…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-07-13 Timo Krüger , Ivan Maryshev , Erwin Frey

Topological defects are at the root of the large-scale organization of liquid crystals. In two-dimensional active nematics, two classes of topological defects of charges $\pm 1/2$ are known to play a major role due to active stresses.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-04-08 Louis Brézin , Thomas Risler , Jean-François Joanny

Topological defects in active liquid crystals can be confined by introducing gradients of activity. Here, we examine the dynamical behavior of two defects confined by a sharp gradient of activity that separates an active circular region and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-06-16 Ali Mozaffari , Rui Zhang , Noe Atzin , Juan J. de Pablo

We characterise the particlelike kinematics of charge-carrying topological defects in nematic media via a geometric field theory. This differs from the theory of electromagnetism, with which it is often compared, due to the absence of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-22 Joseph Pollard , Richard G. Morris

Recent experimental observations have suggested that topological defects can facilitate the creation of sharp features in developing embryos. Whereas these observations echo established knowledge about the interplay between geometry and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-07-25 Ludwig A. Hoffmann , Livio Nicola Carenza , Luca Giomi

Topological defects are singularities within a field that cannot be removed by continuous transformations. The definition of these irregularities requires an ordered reference configuration, calling into question whether they exist in…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-01-06 Vinay Vaibhav , Arabinda Bera , Amelia C. Y. Liu , Matteo Baggioli , Peter Keim , Alessio Zaccone

Point-like motile topological defects control the universal dynamics of diverse two-dimensional active nematics ranging from shaken granular rods to cellular monolayers. A comparable understanding in higher dimensions has yet to emerge. We…