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This application-oriented study concerns computational musicology, which makes use of grammar systems. We define multi-generative rule-synchronized scattered-context grammar systems (without erasing rules) and demonstrates how to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Jozef Makiš , Alexander Meduna , Zbyněk Křivka

We take a unifying and new approach toward polynomial and trigonometric approximation in an arbitrary number of variables, resulting in a precise and general ready-to-use tool that anyone can easily apply in new situations of interest. The…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2023-05-31 Marcel de Jeu

We apply geometric group theory to study and interpret known concepts from Western music. We show that chords, the circle of fifths, scales and certain aspects of the first species of counterpoint are encoded in the Cayley graph of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-13 Gabriel Picioroaga , Olivia Roberts

A new musical scale devised by the author, based on natural logarithms, is described. Most of the logarithmic pitches bear no correspondence to the twelve tones of the ancient tuning system attributed to Pythagoras, based on ratios of whole…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2013-12-20 Robert P. Schneider

Correlations between quantum theory and music theory - specifically between principles of quantum computing and musical harmony - can lead to new understandings and new methodologies for music theorists and composers. The quantum principle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-23 Christopher Dobrian , Omar Costa Hamido

In the Pythagorean tuning system, the fifth is used to generate a scale of 12 notes per octave. In this paper, we use the octave to generate a scale of 19 notes per tritave; one can play this scale on a traditional piano. In this system,…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Markus Schmidmeier

The relationship between perceptual loudness and physical attributes of sound is an important subject in both computer music and psychoacoustics. Early studies of "equal-loudness contour" can trace back to the 1920s and the measured…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Yang Qu , Yutian Qin , Lecheng Chao , Hangkai Qian , Ziyu Wang , Gus Xia

After briefly revising the concepts of consonance/dissonance, a respective mathematic-computational model is described, based on Helmholtz's consonance theory and also considering the partials intensity. It is then applied to characterize…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Luciano da Fontoura Costa

Classical and quantum measurement theories are usually held to be different because the algebra of classical measurements is commutative, however the Poisson bracket allows noncommutativity to be added naturally. After we introduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-19 Peter Morgan

In the literature on Kleene algebra (KA), a number of variants have been proposed such as Kleene algebra with tests, commutative KA, bi-KA, and concurrent KA. The equational theories of some of these structures have then been studied in the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Lukas Mulder , Damien Pous , Jana Wagemaker

The generalized equipartition theorem known as the conjugate variables theorem (Phys. Rev. E 86, 051136 [2012]), originally obtained in the context of statistical inference of continuous random variables, is extended in this work to the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-07-11 Sergio Davis

An ensemble of short open strings in equilibrium with the heat bath provided by the Euclidean worldvolume of a stack of Dbranes undergoes a thermal phase transition to a long string phase. The transition temperature is just below the string…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 Shyamoli Chaudhuri

The mathematics of musical intervals and scales has been extensively studied. Vastly simplified, our ears seem to prefer intervals whose frequency ratios have small numerator and denominator, such as 2:1 (octave), 3:2 (perfect fifth), 4:3…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Matthias Beck , Emily Clader

The key concept discussed in these lectures is the relation between the Hamiltonians of a quantum integrable system and the Casimir elements in the underlying hidden symmetry algebra. (In typical applications the latter is either the…

q-alg · Mathematics 2009-10-30 M. A. Semenov-Tian-Shansky

Contextuality is a central property in comparative analysis of classical, quantum, and supercorrelated systems. We examine and compare two well-motivated approaches to contextuality. One approach ("contextuality-by-default") is based on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-21 J. Acacio de Barros , Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov , Janne V. Kujala , Gary Oas

We classify three-tone and four-tone chords based on subgroups of the symmetric group acting on chords contained within a twelve-tone scale. The actions are inversion, major-minor duality, and augmented-diminished duality. These actions…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-08 Jason K. C. Polak

Western music is predominantly based on the equal temperament with a constant semitone frequency ratio of $2^{1/12}$. Although this temperament has been in use since the 19th century and in spite of its high degree of symmetry, various…

Popular Physics · Physics 2015-11-17 Haye Hinrichsen

The possible tensor constructions of open string theories are analyzed from first principles. To this end the algebraic framework of open string field theory is clarified, including the role of the homotopy associative A_\infty algebra, the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Matthias R. Gaberdiel , Barton Zwiebach

In the first half of this paper, we study the way that sets of real numbers closed under Turing equivalence sit inside the real line from the perspective of algebra, measure and order. Afterwards, we combine the results from our study of…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-06-25 Ivan Ongay-Valverde

For example, in the chromatic circle, the twelve tones are represented by twelve points on a circle, and in Tonnetz, the relationships among harmonies are represented by a triangular lattice. Recently, we have shown that several…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yusuke Imai