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Chemical Species Tomography (CST) has been widely applied for imaging of critical gas-phase parameters in industrial processes. To acquire high-fidelity images, CST is typically implemented by line-of-sight Wavelength Modulation…
A dataset of sea surface temperature (SST) estimates is generated from the temperature observations of surface drifting buoys of NOAA's Global Drifter Program. Estimates of SST at regular hourly time steps along drifter trajectories are…
The 7.3 GHz (350 MHz bandwidth) Earth Observation Satellite (EOS) band, while not protected, is used for Passive Sea Surface Temperature (P-SST) measurements that provide important data for weather forecasts, coastal disaster prevention,…
Laser melting, such as that encountered during additive manufacturing (AM), produces extreme gradients of temperature in both space and time, which in turn influence microstructural development in the material. Qualification and model…
Precise Soil Moisture (SM) assessment is essential in agriculture. By understanding the level of SM, we can improve yield irrigation scheduling which significantly impacts food production and other needs of the global population. The…
The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is an 8-m optical ground-based telescope being constructed on Cerro Pachon in Chile. LSST will survey half the sky every few nights in six optical bands. The data will be transferred to NCSA and…
Satellite foundation models produce dense embeddings whose physical interpretability remains poorly understood, limiting their integration into environmental decision systems. Using 12.1 million samples across the Continental United States…
The calibration hardware system of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is designed to measure two quantities: a telescope's instrumental response and atmospheric transmission, both as a function of wavelength. First of all, a…
Pedestrian detection in thermal infrared images poses unique challenges because of the low resolution and noisy nature of the image. Here we propose a mid-level attribute in the form of multidimensional template, or tensor, using Local…
Global-scale energy flow throughout Earth's magnetosphere (MSP) is catalyzed by processes that occur at Earth's magnetopause (MP). Magnetic reconnection is one process responsible for solar wind entry into and global convection within the…
Spectral retrieval techniques are currently our best tool to interpret the observed exoplanet atmospheric data. Said techniques retrieve the optimal atmospheric components and parameters by identifying the best fit to an observed…
We make systematic measurements of Raman anti-Stokes/Stokes (aS/S) ratios using two different laser excitations (514 and 633 nm) of rhodamine 6G (RH6G) on dried Ag colloids over a wide range of temperatures (100 to 350 K). We show that a…
Resonant soft X-ray scattering (RSXS) is a powerful technique for probing both spatial and electronic structures within solid-state systems. We present a newly developed RSXS capability at beamline 13-3 of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation…
The feature based spatial verification method SAL is applied to cloud data, i.e. two-dimensional spatial fields of total cloud cover and spectral radiance. Model output is obtained from the COSMO-DE forward operator SynSat and compared to…
One significant challenge in research is to collect a large amount of data and learn the underlying relationship between the input and the output variables. This paper outlines the process of collecting and validating a dataset designed to…
Single image super-resolution (SISR) is an effective technique to improve the quality of low-resolution thermal images. Recently, transformer-based methods have achieved significant performance in SISR. However, in the SR task, only a small…
Multi-sample aggregation strategies, such as majority voting and best-of-N sampling, are widely used in contemporary large language models (LLMs) to enhance predictive accuracy across various tasks. A key challenge in this process is…
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) system typically employ vision-based sensors to observe the surrounding environment. However, the performance of such systems highly depends on the ambient illumination conditions. In scenarios…
Accurate prediction of effluent temperature in recharge basins is essential for optimizing the Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT) process, as temperature directly influences water viscosity and infiltration rates. This study develops and…
Reconstructing high-resolution sea surface temperatures (SST) from staggered SST measurements is essential for weather forecasting and climate projections. However, when SST measurements are sparse, the resulting inferred SST fields are…