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X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facilities require progressive compression of electron bunches as they are accelerated from an injector to the undulators. This is necessary to achieve the peak currents required for efficient lasing,…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Adam Dixon , Peter Williams , Sara Thorin , Andrzej Wolski , Alexander Brynes , Tessa Charles , Ian Bailey

In this paper, we propose an analog pixel differencing circuit for differentiating pixels between frames directly from CMOS pixels. The analog information processing at sensor is a topic of growing appeal to develop edge AI devices. The…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-08-22 Olga Krestinskaya , Alex Pappachen James

We introduce the concept of `hyperpixels' in which each element of a pixel filter array (suitable for CMOS image sensor integration) has a spectral transmission tailored to a target spectral component expected in application-specific…

The European XFEL is an extremely brilliant Free Electron Laser Source with a very demanding pulse structure: trains of 2700 X-Ray pulses are repeated at 10 Hz. The pulses inside the train are spaced by 220 ns and each one contains up to…

Fully Depleted Monolithic Active Pixels (FD-MAPS) represent a state-of-the-art detector technology and profit from a low material budget and cost for high energy physics experiments and other fields of research like medical imaging and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-11-17 Coralie Neubüser , Thomas Corradino , Gian-Franco Dalla Betta , Lorenzo De Cilladi , Lucio Pancheri

Pixel sensors based on commercial high-voltage CMOS processes are an exciting technology that is considered as an option for the outer layer of the ATLAS inner tracker upgrade at the High Luminosity LHC. Here, charged particles are detected…

Depleted monolithic CMOS active pixel sensors (DMAPS) have been developed in order to demonstrate their suitability as pixel detectors in the outer layers of a toroidal LHC apparatus inner tracker (ATLAS ITk) pixel detector in the…

We present an innovative charge detector with high resolution and wide dynamic range designed to fulfill the requirements of a monitoring system for a high energy ion beam. The detector prototype, constructed using Si photodiodes and a…

Monolithic active pixel sensors produced in High Voltage CMOS (HV-CMOS) technology are being considered for High Energy Physics applications due to the ease of production and the reduced costs. Such technology is especially appealing when…

The requirements to achieve high detection efficiency (above 50\%) and gigahertz (GHz) frame rate for the proposed 42-keV X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) at Los Alamos are summarized. Direct detection scenarios using C (diamond), Si, Ge…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-08-22 Zhehui Wang

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) of high brightness have opened new opportunities for exploring ultrafast dynamical processes in matter, enabling imaging and movies of single molecules and particles at atomic resolution. In this paper, we…

Depleted monolithic active pixel sensors (DMAPS), which exploit high voltage and/or high resistivity add-ons of modern CMOS technologies to achieve substantial depletion in the sensing volume, have proven to have high radiation tolerance…

We report here the results of a mesh experiment to measure the subpixel structure of the EPIC MOS CCDs on board the XMM X-ray observatory. The pixel size is 40$\mu$m square while the mesh hole spacing is 48$\mu$m, a combination quite…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-10-31 H. Tsunemi , K. Yoshita , A. D. Short , P. J. Bennie , M. J. L. Turner , A. F. Abbey

Complex-field imaging is indispensable for numerous applications at wavelengths from X-ray to THz, with amplitude describing transmittance (or reflectivity) and phase revealing intrinsic structure of the target object. Coherent diffraction…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-07 Meng Li , Liheng Bian , Guoan Zheng , Andrew Maiden , Yang Liu , Yiming Li , Qionghai Dai , Jun Zhang

The advent of isolated and intense sub-femtosecond X-ray pulses enables tracking of quantummechanical motion of electrons in molecules and solids. The combination of X-ray spectroscopy and diffraction imaging is a powerful approach to…

In order to fully exploit the physics potential of the future high energy e+ e- linear collider, a Vertex Tracker providing high resolution track reconstruction is required. Hybrid pixel sensors are an attractive technology due to their…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-08-17 M. Caccia , S. Borghi , R. Campagnolo , M. Battaglia , W. Kucewicz , H. Palka , A. Zalewska , K. Domanski , J. Marczewski , D. Tomaszewski

Mueller matrix (MM) polarimetry is an effective, non-invasive tool for retrieving information from complex media. However, the finite dynamic range of optical detectors poses a significant challenge when measurements involve strong…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-27 Lourdes Camblor-Navarro , Iago Pardo , Oriol Arteaga

To detect tracks of charged particles close to the interaction point in high energy physics experiments of the next generation colliders, hybrid pixel detectors, in which sensor and read-out IC are separate entities, constitute the present…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2010-01-22 N. Wermes

Pixel detectors only record signals above a tuned threshold in order to suppress noise. As sensors become thinner, pitches decrease, and radiation damage reduces the collected charge, it is increasingly desirable to lower thresholds. By…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-10-02 Benjamin Nachman , Alex Spies

We demonstrate the application of event-driven Timepix3-based detectors in combination with a double-sided velocity-map-imaging spectrometer to record the full 3D momentum of charged particles at the free-electron-laser facility FLASH. We…