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We extend classical bootstrap percolation by introducing two concurrent, competing processes on an Erd\H{o}s--R\'{e}nyi random graph $G(n,p_n)$. Each node can assume one of three states: red, black, or white. The process begins with…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-03 Michele Garetto , Emilio Leonardi , Giovanni Luca Torrisi

The transport and chemical reactions of solutes are modelled as a cellular automaton in which molecules of different species perform a random walk on a regular lattice and react according to a local probabilistic rule. The model describes…

comp-gas · Physics 2009-10-22 T. Karapiperis , B. Blankleider

Let G be a simple connected plane graph and let C_1 and C_2 be cycles in G bounding distinct faces f_1 and f_2. For a positive integer l, let r(l) denote the number of integers n such that -l<=n<=l, n is divisible by 3, and n has the same…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-27 Zdeněk Dvořák , Jakub Pekárek

The cellular automata (CA) approach to traffic modeling is extended to allow for spatially homogeneous steady state solutions that cover a two dimensional region in the flow-density plane. Hence these models fulfill a basic postulate of a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Boris S. Kerner , Sergey L. Klenov , Dietrich E. Wolf

We address the problem of sampling colorings of a graph $G$ by Markov chain simulation. For most of the article we restrict attention to proper $q$-colorings of a path on $n$ vertices (in statistical physics terms, the one-dimensional…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Martin Dyer , Leslie Ann Goldberg , Mark Jerrum

An \emph{interval $t$-coloring} of a multigraph $G$ is a proper edge coloring with colors $1,\dots,t$ such that the colors on the edges incident to every vertex of $G$ are colored by consecutive colors. A \emph{cyclic interval $t$-coloring}…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-22 Carl Johan Casselgren , Hrant H. Khachatrian , Petros A. Petrosyan

A commonly used model for fault-tolerant computation is that of cellular automata. The essential difficulty of fault-tolerant computation is present in the special case of simply remembering a bit in the presence of faults, and that is the…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-09-10 Mark McCann , Nicholas Pippenger

We present an improved coupling technique for analyzing the mixing time of Markov chains. Using our technique, we simplify and extend previous results for sampling colorings and independent sets. Our approach uses properties of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thomas P. Hayes , Eric Vigoda

We represent a filamentous actin molecule as a graph of finite-state machines (F-actin automaton). Each node in the graph takes three states --- resting, excited, refractory. All nodes update their states simultaneously and by the same…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-05-29 Andrew Adamatzky

Let $2\le k\in\mathbb{Z}$. A total coloring of a simple connected regular graph via color set $ \{0,1,\ldots, k\}$ is said to be {\it efficient} if each color yields an efficient dominating set, where the efficient domination condition…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Italo J. Dejter

Graph colorings is a fundamental topic in graph theory that require an assignment of labels (or colors) to vertices or edges subject to various constraints. We focus on the harmonious coloring of a graph, which is a proper vertex coloring…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Ruxandra Marinescu-Ghemeci , Camelia Obreja , Alexandru Popa

We say that a Cellular Automata (CA) is coalescing when its execution on two distinct (random) initial configurations in the same asynchronous mode (the same cells are updated in each configuration at each time step) makes both…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2007-12-13 Jean-Baptiste Rouquier , Michel Morvan

Given a dynamic graph subject to edge insertions and deletions, we show how to update an implicit representation of a proper vertex colouring, such that colours of vertices are computable upon query time. We give a deterministic algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Aleksander B. G. Christiansen , Krzysztof D. Nowicki , Eva Rotenberg

* ACTIVATED RANDOM WALK MODEL * This is a conservative particle system on the lattice, with a Markovian continuous-time evolution. Active particles perform random walks without interaction, and they may as well change their state to…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-03-15 Leonardo T. Rolla

This article introduces new tools to study self-organisation in a family of simple cellular automata which contain some particle-like objects with good collision properties (coalescence) in their time evolution. We draw an initial…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-06-05 Benjamin Hellouin de Menibus , Mathieu Sablik

We revisit asynchronous computing in networks of crash-prone processes, under the asynchronous variant of the standard LOCAL model, recently introduced by Fraigniaud et al. [DISC 2022]. We focus on the vertex coloring problem, and our…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Alkida Balliu , Pierre Fraigniaud , Patrick Lambein-Monette , Dennis Olivetti , Mikael Rabie

In recent years, text-driven image editing has made significant progress. However, due to the inherent ambiguity and discreteness of natural language, color editing still faces challenges such as insufficient precision and difficulty in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Yuqi Yang , Dongliang Chang , Yuanchen Fang , Yi-Zhe SonG , Zhanyu Ma , Jun Guo

The cellular automaton (CA) pulsing model (arXiv:1806.06416) described the surprising phenomenon of spontaneous, sustained and robust rhythmic oscillations, pulsing dynamics, when random wiring is applied to a 2D `glider' rule running in a…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2021-03-02 Andrew Wuensche , Edward Coxon

We show that for all sufficiently large d, the uniform proper 3-coloring model (in physics called the 3-state antiferromagnetic Potts model at zero temperature) on Z^d admits multiple maximal-entropy Gibbs measures. This is a consequence of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-17 David Galvin , Jeff Kahn , Dana Randall , Gregory Sorkin

In this work, we study the color discrepancy of spanning trees in random graphs. We show that for the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph $G(n,p)$ with $p$ above the connectivity threshold, the following holds with high probability: in every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Wenchong Chen , Xiao-Chuan Liu , Xu Yang