Related papers: The generalized Catalan equation in positive chara…

For every $n \geq 2$ we determine the asymptotic formula for the number of integer triples $(a,b,c)$ of bounded absolute value such that the generalised Fermat equation given by $ax^n+by^n+cz^n=0$ is everywhere locally soluble. We compute…

We prove the following conjecture of Zeilberger. Denoting by $C_n$ the Catalan number, define inductively $A_n$ by $(-1)^{n-1}A_n=C_n+\sum_{j=1}^{n-1} (-1)^{j} \binom{2n-1}{2j-1} A_j \,C_{n-j}$ and $a_n=2A_n/C_n$. Then $a_n$ (hence $A_n$)…

We define q-Catalan bases which are a generalization of the q-polynomials z^n(z,q)_n. The determination of their dual bases involves some q-power series termed dual coefficients. We show how these dual coefficients occur in the solution of…

We consider the generalized continuous-time Lyapunov equation: $$ A^*XB + B^*XA =-Q, $$ where $Q$ is an $N\times N$ Hermitian positive definite matrix and $A,B$ are arbitrary $N\times N$ matrices. Under some conditions, using the coupled…

In this paper, we compute the size of the exceptional set in a generalized Goldbach problem and show that for a given polynomial $f(x) \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ with a positive leading coefficient, positive integers $A$, $B$, $g$ and $0 \leq i, j…

Let $c(x_1,...,x_d)$ be a multihomogeneous central polynomial for the $n\times n$ matrix algebra $M_n(K)$ over an infinite field $K$ of positive characteristic $p$. We show that there exists a multihomogeneous polynomial $c_0(x_1,...,x_d)$…

In this article we study solutions to the generalized Fermat equation $x^q+y^p+z^r=0 $ using hypergeometric motives within the framework of the modular method. In doing so, we give an explicit description of the ramification behavior at…

We analyze a weighted convolution of Catalan numbers $$ \sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{2k}{k}\binom{2(n-k)}{n-k} a^k = \sum_{k=0}^{n} (k+1)(n-k+1) C_k C_{n-k} a^k, $$ emphasizing its combinatorial, analytic, and probabilistic aspects. We derive a…

Let $\mathbf{f} = (f_1, \ldots, f_R)$ be a system of polynomials with integer coefficients in which the degrees need not all be the same. We provide sufficient conditions for which the system of equations $f_j (x_1, \ldots, x_n) = 0 \ (1…

A generalized Catalan matrix $(a_{n,k})_{n,k\ge 0}$ is generated by two seed sequences $\mathbf{s}=(s_0,s_1,\ldots)$ and $\mathbf{t}=(t_1,t_2,\ldots)$ together with a recurrence relation. By taking $s_\ell=2\ell+1$ and $t_\ell=\ell^2$ we…

The Catalan number $C_n$ enumerates parenthesizations of $x_0*\dotsb*x_n$ where $*$ is a binary operation. We introduce the modular Catalan number $C_{k,n}$ to count equivalence classes of parenthesizations of $x_0*\dotsb*x_n$ when $*$…

By using the Newton interpolation formula, we generalize the recent identities on the Catalan triangle obtained by Miana and Romero as well as those of Chen and Chu. We further study divisibility properties of sums of products of binomial…

For the ideal $I = \langle y_1 + \dots + y_n, y^2_1, \dots , y^2_n \rangle$ in $R = {\mathbb F}[y_1, \dots , y_n]$ with char($\mathbb F$) = 0, we show that the reduced Gr\"obner basis with lex-order consists of polynomials $g_\alpha$ that…

We establish combinatorial interpretations of several identities for the Catalan and Fine numbers and, along the way, we present some new bijections of independent interest. Briefly, we show that C_{n} = 1/(n+1) Sum_{k} (n+1)choose(2k+1)…

We prove that a Hamilton-Jacobi equation in 1D with periodic forcing has a set of generalized solutions such that each solution is a sum of linear and continuous periodic functions; we also give a condition of uniqueness of this solution in…

A $k$-Markov number is a positive integer that appears in a positive integral solution to the Diophantine equation $x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + k(xy + xz + yz) = (3+3k)xyz$. This equation was introduced by Gyoda and Matsushita. When $k =0$, this…

This work is motivated by the papers [EG85] and [Ngu15] in which the following two problems are solved. Let $\mathcal{O}$ is a finitely generated $\mathbb{Z}$-algebra that is an integrally closed domain of characteristic zero, consider the…

We present an exposition on the Fuss--Catalan numbers, which are a generalization of the well known Catalan numbers. The literature on the subject is scattered (especially for the case of multiple independent parameters, as will be…

In this paper we carry out the steps of Darmon's program for the generalized Fermat equation $$ x^n + y^n = z^5. $$ In particular, we develop the machinery necessary to prove an optimal bound on the exponent $n$ for solutions satisfying…

The study of finiteness or infiniteness of integer solutions of a Diophantine equation has been considered as a standard problem in the literature. In this paper, for f(x) in Z[x] monic and q1 ,...., qm in Z, we study the conditions for…