Related papers: The Catalan Equation in Finitely Generated Domains

For the integer $ D=pq$ of the product of two distinct odd primes, we construct an elliptic curve $E_{2rD}:y^2=x^3-2rDx$ over $\mathbb Q$, where $r$ is a parameter dependent on the classes of $p$ and $q$ modulo 8, and show, under the parity…

In this paper we give several conditions implying the irreducibility of the algebraic curve P(x)-Q(y)=0, where P,Q are rational functions. We also apply the results obtained to the functional equations P(f)=Q(g) and P(f)=cP(g), where c\in…

Let $\mathbb F$ denote an algebraically closed field and assume that $q\in \mathbb F$ is a primitive $d^{\rm \, th}$ root of unity with $d\not=1,2,4$. The universal Askey--Wilson algebra $\triangle_q$ is a unital associative $\mathbb…

A class of vector-valued elliptic operators with unbounded coefficients, coupled up to the second-order is investigated in the Lebesgue space $L^p(\mathbb R^d;\mathbb R^m)$ with $p \in (1,\infty)$, providing sufficient conditions for the…

We first observe that the relations of the canonical generating isometries of the Cuntz algebra ${\cal O}_N$ are naturally related to the $N$-colored Catalan numbers. For a directed graph $G$, we generalize the Catalan numbers by using the…

In this paper we address the decision problem for a fragment of set theory with restricted quantification which extends the language studied in [4] with pair related quantifiers and constructs, in view of possible applications in the field…

The classic Poincare inequality bounds the $L^q$-norm of a function $f$ in a bounded domain $\Omega \subset \R^n$ in terms of some $L^p$-norm of its gradient in $\Omega$. We generalize this in two ways: In the first generalization we remove…

Consider an irreducible bilinear form $f(x_1,x_2;y_1,y_2)$ with integer coefficients. We derive an upper bound for the number of integer points $(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y})\in\mathbb{P}^1\times\mathbb{P}^1$ inside a box satisfying the equation…

In this work we consider the general functional-integral equation: \begin{equation*} y(t) = f\left(t, \int_{a}^{b} k(t,s)g(s,y(s))ds\right), \qquad t\in [a,b], \end{equation*} and give conditions that guarantee existence and uniqueness of…

Solving the equation $P_a(X):=X^{q+1}+X+a=0$ over finite field $\GF{Q}$, where $Q=p^n, q=p^k$ and $p$ is a prime, arises in many different contexts including finite geometry, the inverse Galois problem \cite{ACZ2000}, the construction of…

Let $Q(x,y)$ be a quadratic form with discriminant $D\neq 0$. We obtain non trivial upper bound estimates for the number of solutions of the congruence $Q(x,y)\equiv\lambda \pmod{p}$, where $p$ is a prime and $x,y$ lie in certain intervals…

In domain theory every finite computable object can be represented by a single mathematical object instead of a set of objects, using the notion of finitary-basis. In this article we report on our effort to formalize domain theory in Coq in…

Let $D\ne \mathbb{C}$ be a simply connected domain and $f$ be the Riemann mapping from $\mathbb{D}$ onto $D$. The Hardy number of $D$ is the supremum of all $p$ for which $f$ belongs in the Hardy space ${H^p}\left( \mathbb{D} \right)$. A…

If $a,b$ are $n\times n$ matrices, Ando proved that Young's inequality is valid for their singular values: if $p>1$ and $1/p+1/q=1$, then $$ \lambda_k|ab^*|\le \lambda_k( \frac1p |a|^p+\frac 1q |b|^q ) \, \textit{ for all }k. $$ Later, this…

By relating the number of images of a function with finite domain to a certain parameter, we obtain both an upper and lower bound for the image set. Even though the arguments are elementary, the bounds are, in some sense, best possible. The…

Following Benjamin et al., a matrix with entries being sums of two neighbouring Catalan numbers is considered. Its LU-decomposition is given, by guessing the results and later prove it by computer algebra, with lots of human help.…

Entropy numbers are an important tool for quantifying the compactness of operators. Besides establishing new upper bounds on the entropy numbers of diagonal operators $D_\sigma$ from $\ell_p$ to $\ell_q$, where $p\not=q$, we investigate the…

Paper deals with the singular Sturm-Liouville expressions $$l(y) = -(py')' + qy$$ on a finite interval with coefficients $$q = Q', \quad 1/p, Q/p, Q^2/p \in L_1,$$ where derivative of the function $Q$ is understood in the sense of…

Given a polynomial $p$ with no zeros in the polydisk, or equivalently the poly-upper half-plane, we study the problem of determining the ideal of polynomials $q$ with the property that the rational function $q/p$ is bounded near a boundary…

Let Q be a non-singular quadratic form with integer coefficients. When Q is indefinite we provide new upper bounds for the least non-trivial integral solution to the equation Q=0. When Q is positive definite we provide improved upper bounds…