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The pervasive presence of warm gas in galaxy halos suggests that the circumgalactic medium (CGM) is multiphase in its ionization structure and complex in its kinematics. Some recent state-of-the-art cosmological galaxy simulations predict…

In order to precisely determine temperature and density of molecular gas in the Large Magellanic Cloud, we made observations of optically thin $^{13}$CO($J=3-2$) transition by using the ASTE 10m telescope toward 9 peaks where…

We study how different opacity-temperature scalings affect the dynamical evolution of irradiated gas clouds using time-dependent, radiation-hydrodynamics (rad-HD) simulations. When clouds are optically thick, the bright side heats up and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-02-12 Sergei Dyda , Daniel Proga , Christopher S Reynolds

The Central Molecular Zone (CMZ, the central 500 pc of the Milky Way) contains the largest reservoir of high-density molecular gas in the Galaxy, but forms stars at a rate 10-100 times below commonly-used star formation relations. We…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-02-22 J. M. Diederik Kruijssen

We use the hydrodynamical simulation of our inner Galaxy presented in Armillotta et al. (2019) to study the gas distribution and kinematics within the CMZ. We use a resolution high enough to capture the gas emitting in dense molecular…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-03-04 Lucia Armillotta , Mark R. Krumholz , Enrico M. Di Teodoro

Hundreds of high-velocity atomic gas clouds exist above and below the Galactic Centre, with some containing a molecular component. However, the origin of these clouds in the Milky Way's wind is unclear. This paper presents new…

We present infrared and millimeter observations of molecular gas, dust and ionized gas towards a sample of clouds distributed along the 500 central pc of the Galaxy. The clouds were selected to investigate the physical state, in particular…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 N. J. Rodriguez-Fernandez , J. Martin-Pintado , A. Fuente , T. L. Wilson

A strong correlation between atmospheric pressure and molecular gas mass is found in central cluster galaxies and early-type galaxies. This trend and a similar trend with atmospheric gas density would naturally arise if the molecular clouds…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-02-28 Iurii Babyk , Brian McNamara , Paul Nulsen , Helen Russell , Alastair Edge , Leo Blitz

An attempt is made here to revisit structure formation in a proto-stellar cloud during the early phase of evolution. Molecular cloud subjected to a set of various initial conditions in terms of initial temperature and amplitude of azimuthal…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Rafil Riaz , Suhail Zaki Farooqui , Siegfried Vanaverbeke

The Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) is a ring-like accumulation of molecular gas in the innermost few hundred parsecs of the Milky Way, generated by the inward transport of matter driven by the Galactic bar. The CMZ is the most extreme…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-03-23 Jonathan D. Henshaw , Ashley T. Barnes , Cara Battersby , Adam Ginsburg , Mattia C. Sormani , Daniel L. Walker

We uncovered a more tilted molecular gas structure with highly negative velocities located near the dust lane. Our observations also show that the approaching gas flows from the overshoot process are captured by the bar gravitational and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-06 Yang Su , Shiyu Zhang , Yan Sun , Ji Yang , Fujun Du , Min Fang , Qing-Zeng Yan , Shaobo Zhang , Zhiwei Chen , Xuepeng Chen , Xin Zhou , Lixia Yuan , Yuehui Ma

Recently reported variations in the typical physical properties of Galactic and extra-Galactic molecular clouds (MCs), and in their ability to form stars have been attributed to local variations in the magnitude of interstellar pressure.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-01-18 S. Anathpindika , A. Burkert , R. Kuiper

The Central Molecular Zone (CMZ; the central ~ 500 pc of the Galaxy) is a kinematically unusual environment relative to the Galactic disc, with high velocity dispersions and a steep size-linewidth relation of the molecular clouds. In…

We investigate chemistry in the compression layer behind the interstellar shock waves, where molecular cloud formation starts. We perform three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics simulations of converging flows of atomic gas with shock…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-11-20 Yuto Komichi , Yuri Aikawa , Kazunari Iwasaki , Kenji Furuya

The Galactic Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) is a region containing massive and dense molecular clouds, with dynamics driven by a variety of energy sources including a massive black hole. It is thus the nearest template for understanding…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-01-16 W. D. Langer , T. Velusamy , M. R. Morris , P. F. Goldsmith , J. L. Pineda

We study the gas inflows towards the Galactic Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) based on the gas morphological and kinematic features from the MWISP in the region of l=1.2 deg--19.0 deg and |b|<3.0 deg. We find that the near dust lane extends to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-08-06 Yang Su , Shiyu Zhang , Yan Sun , Ji Yang , Qing-Zeng Yan , Shaobo Zhang , Zhiwei Chen , Xuepeng Chen , Xin Zhou , Lixia Yuan

The influence of rotation and magnetic fields on the physical properties of isothermal gas clouds is discussed. The presence of rotation and/or magnetic fields results in an increase of the critical cloud mass with respect to gravitational…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 B. Vollmer , W. J. Duschl

Using an absorption line from the metastable (J, K) = (3, 3) level of H3+ together with other lines of H3+ and CO observed along several sightlines, we have discovered a vast amount of high temperature (T ~ 250 K) and low density (n ~ 100…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Takeshi Oka , T. R. Geballe , Miwa Goto , Tomonori Usuda , B. J. McCall

We use hydrodynamical simulations to study the Milky Way's central molecular zone (CMZ). The simulations include a non-equilibrium chemical network, the gas self-gravity, star formation and supernova feedback. We resolve the structure of…

The formation of molecular clouds out of HI gas is the first step toward star formation. Its metallicity dependence plays a key role to determine star formation through the cosmic history. Previous theoretical studies with detailed chemical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-08-29 Masato I. N. Kobayashi , Kazunari Iwasaki , Kengo Tomida , Tsuyoshi Inoue , Kazuyuki Omukai , Kazuki Tokuda