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Ergodicity has been one of the fundamental concepts underpinning our understanding of thermalization in isolated systems since the first developments in classical statistical mechanics. Recently, a similar notion has been introduced for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-20 Leonard Logaric , John Goold , Shane Dooley

Complexity of dynamics is at the core of quantum many-body chaos and exhibits a hierarchical feature: higher-order complexity implies more chaotic dynamics. Conventional ergodicity in thermalization processes is a manifestation of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-05-06 Kazuya Kaneko , Eiki Iyoda , Takahiro Sagawa

We study the long-time average of the reduced density matrix (RDM) of an $m$-level central system, which is locally coupled to a large environment, under an overall Schr\"{o}dinger evolution of the total system. We consider a class of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-26 Hua Yan , Jiaozi Wang , Wen-ge Wang

Inspired by the avalanche scenario for many-body localization (MBL) instability, we reverse the conventional set-up and ask whether a large weakly-disordered chain can thermalize a smaller, strongly-disordered chain when the composite…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-21 Soumya Kanti Pal , C L Sriram , Shamik Gupta

It is usually expected and observed that non-integrable isolated quantum systems thermalize. However, for some non-integrable spin chain models, in a numerical study, initial states with oscillations that persisted for some time were found…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Luis Fernando dos Prazeres , Thiago R. de Oliveira

Using a Krylov-subspace time evolution algorithm, we simulate the real-time dynamics of translation invariant non-integrable finite spin rings to quite long times with high accuracy. We systematically study the finite-size deviation between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-26 Ivo A. Maceira , Andreas M. Läuchli

We study the enveloping function of the fluctuation term in eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) statement for holographic conformal field theories. We use this function to identify and examine black hole microstates. We set down a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-26 Nilakash Sorokhaibam

We review some recent developments in the statistical mechanics of isolated quantum systems. We provide a brief introduction to quantum thermalization, paying particular attention to the `Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis' (ETH), and the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-04-07 Rahul Nandkishore , David A. Huse

Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis is a detailed statement of the matrix elements of few-body operators in energy eigenbasis of a chaotic Hamiltonian. Part of the statement is that the off-diagonal elements fall exponential for large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-25 Nilakash Sorokhaibam

We consider an isolated, macroscopic quantum system. Let H be a micro-canonical "energy shell," i.e., a subspace of the system's Hilbert space spanned by the (finitely) many energy eigenstates with energies between E and E + delta E. The…

Macroscopic quantum superpositions are widely believed to be unobservable because large systems cannot be perfectly isolated from their environments. Here, we show that even under perfect isolation, intrinsic unitary dynamics with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Gabriel Dias Carvalho , Pedro S. Correia , Thiago R. de Oliveira

In this paper we provide a universal description of the behavior of the basic operators of the Schwarzian theory in pure states. When the pure states are energy eigenstates, expectation values of non-extensive operators are thermal. On the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-04-22 Pranjal Nayak , Julian Sonner , Manuel Vielma

When a non-integrable system evolves out of equilibrium for a long time, local observables are expected to attain stationary expectation values, independent of the details of the initial state. However, intriguing experimental results with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-17 Mari Carmen Bañuls , J. Ignacio Cirac , Matthew B. Hastings

Ergodic quantum many-body systems satisfy the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). However, strong disorder can destroy ergodicity through many-body localization (MBL) -- at least in one dimensional systems -- leading to a clear…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-08-18 Luis Colmenarez , Paul A. McClarty , Masudul Haque , David J. Luitz

Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis provides one picture of thermalization in a quantum system by looking at individual eigenstates. However, it is also important to consider how local observables reach equilibrium values dynamically.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-02-28 Cheng-Ju Lin , Olexei I. Motrunich

It has been recently observed for a particular quantum quench in the XXZ spin chain that local observables do not equilibrate to the predictions of the Generalized Gibbs Ensemble (GGE). In this work we argue that the breakdown of the GGE…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-22 B. Pozsgay

We study probe corrections to the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) in the context of 2D CFTs with large central charge and a sparse spectrum of low dimension operators. In particular, we focus on observables in the form of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-08-01 Thomas Faulkner , Huajia Wang

In this work we study a scenario where dynamics is restricted to a single excitation manifold, for particular physical observables with support in the manifold, which we label a `correlated quench'. We ask how such dynamics may in general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-07 Charlie Nation , Diego Porras

We study the possible breakdown of quantum thermalization in a model of itinerant electrons on a one-dimensional chain without disorder, with both spin and charge degrees of freedom. The eigenstates of this model exhibit peculiar properties…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-02-20 James R. Garrison , Ryan V. Mishmash , Matthew P. A. Fisher

Emergent hydrodynamics (EHD) bridges short-time unitarity with late-time thermodynamics, universal transport phenomena characterize the manner and speed of transport and thermalization. Typical non-integrable systems with few conserved…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-10-23 Andrew Stasiuk , Garrett Heller , Lance Berkey , Bo Xing , Paola Cappellaro