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Knowledge-dependent tasks typically use two sources of knowledge: parametric, learned at training time, and contextual, given as a passage at inference time. To understand how models use these sources together, we formalize the problem of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Shayne Longpre , Kartik Perisetla , Anthony Chen , Nikhil Ramesh , Chris DuBois , Sameer Singh

We extend a quantum model in Hilbert space developed in Aerts (2007a) into a quantum field theoric model in Fock space for the modeling of the combination of concepts. Items and concepts are represented by vectors in Fock space and…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Diederik Aerts

Theories of natural language and concepts have been unable to model the flexibility, creativity, context-dependence, and emergence, exhibited by words, concepts and their combinations. The mathematical formalism of quantum theory has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-09-09 Diederik Aerts , Jan Broekaert , Liane Gabora , Sandro Sozzo

We argue about a conceptual approach to quantum formalism. Starting from philosophical conjectures (Platonism, Idealism and Realism) as basic ontic elements (namely: math world, data world, and state of matter), we will analyze the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Helen Lynn , Michele Caponigro

Based on the ideas of quantum physics and dual-process theory of human reasoning that takes into account two primary mechanisms of reasoning : 1) deductive rational thinking and 2) intuitive heuristic judgment, we proposed the "quantum"…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-10-01 E. D. Vol

We present a novel variant of decision making based on the mathematical theory of separable Hilbert spaces. This mathematical structure captures the effect of superposition of composite prospects, including many incorporated intentions,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-03-07 V. I. Yukalov , D. Sornette

A computational model of the construction of word meaning through exposure to texts is built in order to simulate the effects of co-occurrence values on word semantic similarities, paragraph by paragraph. Semantic similarity is here viewed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Benoît Lemaire , Guy Denhière

Relationships between current theories, and relationships between current theories and the sought theory of quantum gravity (QG), play an essential role in motivating the need for QG, aiding the search for QG, and defining what would count…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2017-12-05 Karen Crowther

We explain the quantum structure as due to the presence of two effects, (a) a real change of state of the entity under influence of the measurement and, (b) a lack of knowledge about a deeper deterministic reality of the measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Diederik Aerts

We provide an overview of the results we have attained in the last decade on the identification of quantum structures in cognition and, more specifically, in the formalization and representation of natural concepts. We firstly discuss the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Diederik Aerts , Sandro Sozzo

The expected utility hypothesis is one of the building blocks of classical economic theory and founded on Savage's Sure-Thing Principle. It has been put forward, e.g. by situations such as the Allais and Ellsberg paradoxes, that real-life…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-03-28 Diederik Aerts , Jan Broekaert , Marek Czachor , Bart D'Hooghe

Among the (in)famous differences between classical and quantum mechanics, quantum counterfactuals seem to be the most intriguing. At the same time, they seem to underlie many quantum oddities. In this article, we propose a simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-15 Eliahu Cohen , Avshalom C. Elitzur

In recent years, quantum mechanics has been actively used in areas outside of physics, such as psychology, sociology, theory of decision-making, game theory, and others. In particular, quantum mechanics is used to explain the paradoxes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-04 Aleksandr Lebedev , Andrei Khrennikov

Quantum cognition is an emerging field making uses of quantum theory to model cognitive phenomena which cannot be explained by classical theories. Usually, in cognitive tests, subjects are asked to give a response to a question, but in this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-30 Pegah Imannezhad , Ali Ahanj

Probabilistic graphical models such as Bayesian Networks are one of the most powerful structures known by the Computer Science community for deriving probabilistic inferences. However, modern cognitive psychology has revealed that human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-10-01 Catarina Moreira , Andreas Wichert

We develop a new interpretation of quantum theory by combining insights from extended Wigner's friend scenarios and quantum causal modelling. In this interpretation, which synthesizes ideas from relational quantum mechanics and consistent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-01 Nick Ormrod , Jonathan Barrett

The landscape of causal relations that can hold among a set of systems in quantum theory is richer than in classical physics. In particular, a pair of time-ordered systems can be related as cause and effect or as the effects of a common…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-20 Katja Ried , Jean-Philippe W. MacLean , Robert W. Spekkens , Kevin J. Resch

Logical paradoxes and inconsistent information pose deep challenges in epistemology and the philosophy of logic. Classical systems typically handle contradictions only through external checks or by altering the logical framework, as in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-29 Nikolaos Cheimarios , Spyridoula Cheimariou

We prove a theorem which shows that a collection of experimental data of probabilistic weights related to decisions with respect to situations and their disjunction cannot be modeled within a classical probabilistic weight structure in case…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-05-13 Diederik Aerts , Bart D'Hooghe , Emmanuel Haven

Categorization is a significant task in decision-making, which is a key part of human behavior. An interference effect is caused by categorization in some cases, which breaks the total probability principle. A negation quantum model (NQ…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Qinyuan Wu , Yong Deng