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The next generation of radio surveys is going to be transformative for cosmology and other aspects of our understanding of astrophysics. Realistic simulations of radio observations are essential for the design and planning of radio surveys.…
A compact low-energy and high-intensity X-ray source for radiation biology applications is presented. A laser-induced plasma moves inside a 30 kV diode and produces a beam of 10$^{14}$ electrons at the anode location. An aluminum foil…
Knowledge of x-ray attenuation is essential for developing and evaluating x-ray imaging technologies. For instance, techniques to better characterize cysts at mammography screening would be highly desirable to reduce recalls, but the…
Astronomical data generally consists of 2 or more high-resolution axes, e.g., X,Y position on the sky or wavelength and position-along-one-axis (long-slit spectrometer). Analyzing these multi-dimension observations requires combining 3D…
Extended x-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) data collected in the fluorescence mode are susceptible to an apparent amplitude reduction due to the self-absorption of the fluorescing photon by the sample before it reaches a detector.…
Plant roots typically exhibit a highly complex and dense architecture, incorporating numerous slender lateral roots and branches, which significantly hinders the precise capture and modeling of the entire root system. Additionally, roots…
Improving angular resolution is one of X-ray astronomy's big challenges. While X-ray interferometry should eventually vastly improve broad-band angular resolution, in the near-term, X-ray telescopes will sacrifice angular resolution for…
Solar tomography has progressed rapidly in recent years thanks to the development of robust algorithms and the availability of more powerful computers. It can today provide crucial insights in solving issues related to the line-of-sight…
The microstructural characteristics of soot generated during thermal runaway events in lithium-ion batteries have been examined, with a focus on the associated health risks. X-ray computed tomography (Nano-CT) offers advanced 3D imaging for…
In this paper, we propose an x-ray fluorescence imaging system for elemental analysis. The key idea is what we call "x-ray fluorescence sectioning". Specifically, a slit collimator in front of an x-ray tube is used to shape x-rays into a…
In topology, a torus remains invariant under certain non-trivial transformations known as modular transformations. In the context of topologically ordered quantum states of matter, these transformations encode the braiding statistics and…
High-time-resolution X-ray observations of compact objects provide direct access to strong field gravity, black hole masses and spins, and the equation of state of ultra-dense matter. LOFT, the large observatory for X-ray timing, is…
The J-PET tomograph is constructed from plastic scintillator strips arranged axially in concentric cylindrical layers. It enables investigations of positronium decays by measurement of the time, position, polarization and energy deposited…
The purpose of this article is to introduce the reader to the ROOT data analysis software package, and demonstrate how it may be used to complement one's accident reconstruction analyses.
We describe the design, construction and commissioning of LOTUS; a simple, low-cost long-slit spectrograph for the Liverpool Telescope. The design is optimized for near-UV and visible wavelengths and uses all transmitting optics. It…
Photo-acoustic tomography is a coupled-physics (hybrid) medical imaging modality that aims to reconstruct optical parameters in biological tissues from ultrasound measurements. As propagating light gets partially absorbed, the resulting…
The progress of miniaturisation in integrated electronics has led to atomic and nanometre-sized dopant devices in silicon. Such structures can be fabricated routinely by hydrogen resist lithography, using various dopants such as phosphorous…
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a premier technique for materials characterization, providing key information about the local chemical environment of the absorber atom. In this work, we develop a database of sulfur K-edge XAS spectra…
Light scattering by tissue severely limits how deep beneath the surface one can image, and the spatial resolution one can obtain from these images. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is one of the most powerful techniques for imaging deep…
We present a final summary of all ROSAT X-ray observations of nearby stars. All available ROSAT observations with the ROSAT PSPC, HRI and WFC have been matched with the CNS4 catalog of nearby stars and the results gathered in the Nearby…