Related papers: The Evolving Definition of Sepsis
Motivated by an observational study of the effect of hospital ward versus intensive care unit admission on severe sepsis mortality, we develop methods to address two common problems in observational studies: (1) when there is a lack of…
A simple, but ``classical``, stochastic model for epidemic spread in a finite, but large, population is studied. The progress of the epidemic can be divided into three different phases that requires different tools to analyse. Initially the…
Comparing future antibiotic resistance levels resulting from different antibiotic treatments is challenging because some patients may survive only under one of the antibiotic treatments. We embed this problem within a semi-competing risks…
Modern healthcare is ripe for disruption by AI. A game changer would be automatic understanding the latent processes from electronic medical records, which are being collected for billions of people worldwide. However, these healthcare…
Tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial disease mainly affecting the lungs, is one of the leading infectious causes of mortality worldwide. To prevent TB from spreading within the body, which causes life-threatening complications, timely and…
Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne disease caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In 2023, according to the World Health Organization, it ''probably'' replaced COVID-19 as the leading cause of death from an infectious agent…
Is cancer a disease that can be cured or a degenerative disease which comes predominantly with old age? We give an answer based on a two-dimensional representation of diseases. These two dimensions are defined as follows. In mortality…
The physical idea of the natural origin of diseases and deaths has been presented. The fundamental microscopical reason is the destruction of any metastable state by thermal activation of a nucleus of a nonreversable change. On the basis of…
Postsurgical complications (PSCs) are known as a deviation from the normal postsurgical course and categorized by severity and treatment requirements. Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of major PSCs and the most common…
The renowned general epidemic process describes the stochastic evolution of a population of individuals which are either susceptible, infected or dead. A second order phase transition belonging to the universality class of dynamic isotropic…
Epilepsy is one of the most occurring neurological diseases. The main characteristic of this disease is a frequent seizure, which is an electrical imbalance in the brain. It is generally accompanied by shaking of body parts and even leads…
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, is a critical health condition caused by restricted blood flow to the heart. Early-stage detection through continuous ECG monitoring is essential to minimize irreversible damage.…
As AI systems are increasingly used to guide decisions, it is essential that they follow ethical principles. A core principle in medicine is non-maleficence, often equated with ``do no harm''. A formal definition of harm based on…
Mortality is an instrument of natural selection. Evolutionary motivated theories imply its irreversibility and life history dependence. This is inconsistent with mortality data for protected populations. Accurate analysis yields mortality…
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), 235 million people suffer from respiratory illnesses and four million people die annually due to air pollution. Regular lung health monitoring can lead to prognoses about deteriorating lung…
We develop and analyze explainable machine learning (ML) models for sepsis outcome prediction using a novel Electronic Health Record (EHR) dataset from 12,286 hospitalizations at a large emergency hospital in Romania. The dataset includes…
As advancements in technology and medicine are being made, many countries are still unable to access quality medical care due to cost and lack of qualified medical personnel. This discrepancy in healthcare has caused many preventable…
Individuals change their behavior during an epidemic in response to whether they and/or those they interact with are healthy or sick. Healthy individuals are concerned about contracting a disease from their sick contacts and may utilize…
Major advances in public health have resulted from disease prevention. However, prevention of a new infectious disease by vaccination or pharmaceuticals is made difficult by the slow process of vaccine and drug development. We propose an…
Well protected human and laboratory animal populations with abundant resources are evolutionary unprecedented. Physical approach, which takes advantage of their extensively quantified mortality, establishes that its dominant fraction yields…