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Gravitational waves (GWs) influence the arrival times of radio signals coming from pulsars. Here, we investigate the harmonic space approach to describing a pulsar's response to GWs. We derive and discuss the "diagonalized form" of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-06 Bruce Allen

Within the next several years, pulsar-timing array programs will likely usher in the next era of gravitational-wave astronomy through the detection of a stochastic background of nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves, originating from a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-21 Stephen R. Taylor , Rutger van Haasteren , Alberto Sesana

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) observations have recently gathered substantial evidence for the existence of a gravitational wave background in the nHz frequency band. Searching for anisotropies in this signal is key to determining its origin,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-02 Paul Frederik Depta , Valerie Domcke , Gabriele Franciolini , Mauro Pieroni

Searches for stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds using pulsar timing arrays look for correlations in the timing residuals induced by the background across the pulsars in the array. The correlation signature of an isotropic,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-30 Fredrick A. Jenet , Joseph D. Romano

We extend our previous work on applying CMB techniques to the mapping of gravitational-wave backgrounds to backgrounds which have non-GR polarisations. Our analysis and results are presented in the context of pulsar-timing array…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-02 Jonathan R. Gair , Joseph D. Romano , Stephen R. Taylor

Pulsar timing offers an independent avenue to test general relativity and alternative gravity theories. This requires an understanding of how metric polarizations beyond the familiar transverse tensor ones imprint as a stochastic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-08 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Kin-Wang Ng

Arrays of precisely-timed millisecond pulsars are used to search for gravitational waves with periods of months to decades. Gravitational waves affect the path of radio pulses propagating from a pulsar to Earth, causing the arrival times of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-13 Stephen R. Taylor

We study the observation of stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) made by pulsar-timing arrays in the spherical harmonic space. Instead of using the Shapiro time delay, we keep the Sachs-Wolfe line-of-sight integral for the timing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-14 Guo-Chin Liu , Kin-Wang Ng

We discuss the theory of pulsar-timing and astrometry probes of a stochastic gravitational-wave background with a recently developed "total-angular-momentum" (TAM) formalism for cosmological perturbations. We review the formalism,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-02 Wenzer Qin , Kimberly K. Boddy , Marc Kamionkowski , Liang Dai

The recent compelling observation of the nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background has brought to light a new galactic arena to test gravity. In this paper, we derive a formula for the most general expression of the stochastic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-12 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Guo-Chin Liu , Kin-Wang Ng

We describe a new method for extracting gravitational wave signals from pulsar timing data. We show that any gravitational wave signal can be decomposed into an orthogonal set of sky maps, with the number of maps equal to the number of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-06-20 Neil J. Cornish , Rutger van Haasteren

In recent years, several pulsar timing array collaborations have reported evidence for a nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB). Such a background signal could be produced by supermassive binary black holes, early-Universe processes…

We describe an alternative approach to the analysis of gravitational-wave backgrounds, based on the formalism used to characterise the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background. In contrast to standard analyses, this approach makes no…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-22 Jonathan R. Gair , Joseph D. Romano , Stephen Taylor , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli

We present a practical implementation of a phase-coherent mapping technique for pulsar timing arrays that resolves the full complex polarisation state of the gravitational-wave sky as a function of direction and frequency. Unlike standard…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-22 Małgorzata Curyło , Eric Thrane , Paul D. Lasky , Dawson S. Gaynor

We present the results of simulated injections testing the first Bayesian search-pipeline capable of investigating the angular-structure of a gravitational-wave (GW) background influencing pulsar signals. A stochastic background of GWs from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-10-30 Stephen R. Taylor , Jonathan R. Gair

Detecting a stochastic gravitational wave background, particularly radiation from individually unresolvable super-massive black hole binary systems, is one of the primary targets for Pulsar Timing Arrays. Increasingly more stringent upper…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-16 Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Trevor Sidery , Ilya Mandel , Alberto Vecchio

Angular power spectra are an important measure of the angular clustering of a given distribution. In Cosmology, they are applied to such vastly different observations as galaxy surveys that cover a fraction of the sky and the Cosmic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-11-15 Brett Hayes , Robert Brunner , Volodymyr Kindratenko

Pulsar timing arrays are one of the powerful tools to test the existence of cosmic strings through searching for the gravitational wave background. The amplitude of the background connects to information on cosmic strings such as the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-03 Sachiko Kuroyanagi , Keitaro Takahashi , Naoyuki Yonemaru , Hiroki Kumamoto

Unresolved and resolved sources of gravitational waves are at the origin of a stochastic gravitational wave background. While the computation of its mean density as a function of frequency in a homogeneous and isotropic universe is standard…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-19 Giulia Cusin , Cyril Pitrou , Jean-Philippe Uzan

We investigate the use of harmonic analysis techniques to perform measurements of the angular power spectrum on mock pulsar timing data for an isotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) with a dimensionless strain amplitude…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-19 Jonathan Nay , Kimberly K. Boddy , Tristan L. Smith , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli
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