Related papers: The existence of the graphs that have exactly two …

Let $G$ be a connected graph and let $F$ be a connected subgraph of $G$ with a given structure. We consider that the centrality of a vertex $i$ of $G$ is determined by the centrality of other vertices in all subgraphs contain $i$ and…

Let $G$ be a connected $d$-regular graph of order $n$, where $d\geq3$. Let $\lambda_{2}(G)$ be the second largest eigenvalue of $G$. For even $n$, we show that $G$ contains $\left\lfloor\frac{2}{3}(d-\lambda_{2}(G))\right\rfloor$…

Let G be a simple graph without isolated vertices. For a vertex i in G, the degree d_i is the number of vertices adjacent to i and the average 2-degree m_i is the mean of the degrees of the vertices which are adjacent to i. The sequence of…

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of the plain eigenvalue, the main-plain index and the refined spectrum of graphs. We focus on the graphs with two main and two plain eigenvalues and give some characterizations of them.

The dominating graph of a graph G is a graph whose vertices correspond to the dominating sets of G and two vertices are adjacent whenever their corresponding dominating sets differ in exactly one vertex. Studying properties of dominating…

We classify the connected graphs with precisely three distinct eigenvalues and second largest eigenvalue at most 1.

An independent set in a graph G is a set of vertices no two of which are joined by an edge. A vertex-weighted graph associates a weight with every vertex in the graph. A vertex-weighted graph G is called a unique independence…

Let $a$, $b$, and $n$ be three integers such that $1\leq a \leq b < n$, $a \equiv b$ (mod $2$), and $na$ is even. A parity $[a,b]$-factor of $G$ is a spanning subgraph $H$ such that for each vertex $v \in V(G)$, $a \leq d_H(v) \leq b$ and…

For given k distinct complex conjugate pairs, l distinct real numbers, and a given graph G on 2k+l vertices with a matching of size at least k, we will show that there is a real matrix whose eigenvalues are the given numbers and its graph…

For a graph $G$, we associate a family of real symmetric matrices, $S(G)$, where for any $A\in S(G)$, the location of the nonzero off-diagonal entries of $A$ are governed by the adjacency structure of $G$. Let $q(G)$ be the minimum number…

For a graph G, M(G) denotes the maximum multiplicity occurring of an eigenvalue of a symmetric matrix whose zero-nonzero pattern is given by edges of G. We introduce two combinatorial graph parameters T^-(G) and T^+(G) that give a lower and…

A self-contained graph is an infinite graph which is isomorphic to one of its proper induced subgraphs. In this paper, these graphs are studied by presenting some examples and defining some of their sub-structures such as removable…

Let $a$ and $b$ be positive integers such that $a\leq b$ and $a\equiv b\pmod 2$. We say that $G$ has all $(a, b)$-parity factors if $G$ has an $h$-factor for every function $h: V(G) \rightarrow \{a,a+2,\ldots,b-2,b\}$ with $b|V(G)|$ even…

The parameter $q(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix whose pattern is given by $G$. We introduce a novel graph product by which we construct new infinite families of graphs that achieve…

Let $G = (V, E)$ be a graph. We define matrices $M(G; \alpha, \beta)$as $\alpha D + \beta A$, where $\alpha$, $\beta$ are real numbers such that $(\alpha, \beta) \neq (0, 0)$ and $D$ and $A$ are the diagonal matrix and adjacency matrix of…

In a graph $G$, a vertex dominates itself and its neighbors. A subset $S\subseteq V(G)$ is said to be a double dominating set of $G$ if $S$ dominates every vertex of $G$ at least twice. The double domination number $\gamma_{\times 2}(G)$ is…

We initiate a systematic study of eigenvectors of random graphs. Whereas much is known about eigenvalues of graphs and how they reflect properties of the underlying graph, relatively little is known about the corresponding eigenvectors. Our…

Perhaps the very first elementary exercise one encounters in graph theory is the result that any graph on at least two vertices must have at least two vertices with the same degree. There are various ways in which this result can be…

A hollow matrix described by a graph $G$ is a real symmetric matrix having all diagonal entries equal to zero and with the off-diagonal entries governed by the adjacencies in $G$. For a given graph $G$, the determination of all possible…

A graph $G$ is called edge-magic if there exists a bijective function $f:V\left(G\right) \cup E\left(G\right)\rightarrow \left\{1, 2, \ldots , \left\vert V\left( G\right) \right\vert +\left\vert E\left( G\right) \right\vert \right\}$ such…