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We study finite-memory (FM) determinacy in games on finite graphs, a central question for applications in controller synthesis, as FM strategies correspond to implementable controllers. We establish general conditions under which FM…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Stéphane Le Roux , Arno Pauly , Mickael Randour

History-deterministic automata are those in which nondeterministic choices can be correctly resolved stepwise: there is a strategy to select a continuation of a run given the next input letter so that if the overall input word admits some…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Soumyajit Paul , David Purser , Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang , Patrick Totzke , Di-De Yen

An automaton is history-deterministic if its nondeterminism can be resolved on the fly, only using the prefix of the word read so far. This mild form of nondeterminism has attracted particular attention for its applications in synthesis…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Udi Boker , Thomas A. Henzinger , Karoliina Lehtinen , Keya Prakash

In distributed synthesis, we generate a set of process implementations that, together, accomplish an objective against all possible behaviors of the environment. A lot of recent work has focussed on systems with causal memory, i.e., sets of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Raven Beutner , Bernd Finkbeiner , Jesko Hecking-Harbusch

Condon and Lipton (FOCS 1989) showed that the class of languages having a space-bounded interactive proof system (IPS) is a proper subset of decidable languages, where the verifier is a probabilistic Turing machine. In this paper, we show…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-07-18 Abuzer Yakaryilmaz

Altenbernd, Thomas and W\"ohrle have considered acceptance of languages of infinite two-dimensional words (infinite pictures) by finite tiling systems, with usual acceptance conditions, such as the B\"uchi and Muller ones [1]. It was proved…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-08-04 Olivier Finkel

We propose a new model of a distributed game, called an ATS game, which is played on a non-deterministic asynchronous transition system -- a natural distributed finite-state device working on Mazurkiewicz traces. This new…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Bharat Adsul , Nehul Jain

In this work, we extend undecidability of language equivalence for two-dimensional Vector Addition System with States (VASS) accepting by coverability condition. We show that the problem is undecidable even when one of the two-dimensional…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Wojciech Czerwiński , Łukasz Orlikowski

Probabilistic timed automata are a suitable formalism to model systems with real-time, nondeterministic and probabilistic behaviour. We study two-player zero-sum games on such automata where the objective of the game is specified as the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-04-18 Vojtěch Forejt , Marta Kwiatkowska , Gethin Norman , Ashutosh Trivedi

In a reachability-time game, players Min and Max choose moves so that the time to reach a final state in a timed automaton is minimised or maximised, respectively. Asarin and Maler showed decidability of reachability-time games on strongly…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Marcin Jurdziński , Ashutosh Trivedi

We study variants of regular infinite games where the strict alternation of moves between the two players is subject to modifications. The second player may postpone a move for a finite number of steps, or, in other words, exploit in his…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Michael Holtmann , Lukasz Kaiser , Wolfgang Thomas

Priced timed games are optimal-cost reachability games played between two players---the controller and the environment---by moving a token along the edges of infinite graphs of configurations of priced timed automata. The goal of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-22 Shibashis Guha , Shankara Narayanan Krishna , Lakshmi Manasa , Ashutosh Trivedi

We introduce two-player games which build words over infinite alphabets, and we study the problem of checking the existence of winning strategies. These games are played by two players, who take turns in choosing valuations for variables…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Diego Figueira , Anirban Majumdar , M. Praveen

We introduce a certain restriction of weighted automata over the rationals, called image-binary automata. We show that such automata accept the regular languages, can be exponentially more succinct than corresponding NFAs, and allow for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Stefan Kiefer , Cas Widdershoven

We show that solving delay games with winning conditions given by deterministic and nondeterministic weak Muller automata is 2EXPTIME-complete respectively 3EXPTIME-complete. Furthermore, doubly and triply exponential lookahead is necessary…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Sarah Winter , Martin Zimmermann

We consider games played on an infinite probabilistic arena where the first player aims at satisfying generalized B\"uchi objectives almost surely, i.e., with probability one. We provide a fixpoint characterization of the winning sets and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-06-13 Nathalie Bertrand , Philippe Schnoebelen

We consider imperfect information stochastic games where we require the players to use pure (i.e. non randomised) strategies. We consider reachability, safety, B\"uchi and co-B\"uchi objectives, and investigate the existence of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Arnaud Carayol , Christof Löding , Olivier Serre

Braid is a 2008 puzzle game centered around the ability to reverse time. We show that Braid can simulate an arbitrary computation. Our construction makes no use of Braid's unique time mechanics, and therefore may apply to many other video…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-12-03 Linus Hamilton

We consider a class of nonlocal games that are related to binary constraint systems (BCSs) in a manner similar to the games implicit in the work of Mermin [N.D. Mermin, "Simple unified form for the major no-hidden-variables theorems," Phys.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-17 Richard Cleve , Rajat Mittal

Programs that combine I/O and countable probabilistic choice, modulo either bisimilarity or trace equivalence, can be seen as describing a probabilistic strategy. For well-founded programs, we might expect to axiomatize bisimilarity via a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Nathan Bowler , Sergey Goncharov , Paul Blain Levy