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The primordial black hole (PBH) comprising full dark matter (DM) abundance is currently allowed if its mass lies between $10^{-16}M_{\odot} \lesssim M \lesssim 10^{-11} M_{\odot}$. This lightest mass range is hard to be probed by ongoing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-05 Sunghoon Jung , TaeHun Kim

The ground-breaking detections of gravitational waves from black hole mergers by LIGO have rekindled interest in primordial black holes (PBHs) and the possibility of dark matter being composed of PBHs. It has been suggested that PBHs of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-24 Qirong Zhu , Eugene Vasiliev , Yuexing Li , Yipeng Jing

The possibility that primordial black holes (PBHs) form a part of dark matter has been considered over a wide mass range from the Planck mass ($10^{-5}~\rm g$) to the level of the supermassive black hole in the center of the galaxy.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-13 Huan Zhou , Yujie Lian , Zhengxiang Li , Shuo Cao , Zhiqi Huang

Primordial Black Holes (PBH) are hypothesised to form during inflation and have long been considered a candidate for compact dark matter. Gravitational microlensing is known as a productive method for exoplanet discovery and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-20 Renee Key , Edward N. Taylor , Ken C. Freeman , Jeremy Mould , Abhijit Saha , Anais Möller , Timothy M. C. Abbott , Alan R. Duffy

Gravitational microlensing is a robust tool to detect and directly measure the abundance and mass of any kind of compact objects, either in our galaxy or in the extragalatic domain. On basis to generic, broadly applicable arguments, it is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-27 E. Mediavilla , J. Jiménez-Vicente

We show that primordial black holes (PBHs) in the $\textit{Stupendously Large Black Hole}$ mass range ($M \gtrsim 10^{11}\,M_\odot$) produce isocurvature perturbations exceeding current $\textit{Planck}$ Cosmic Microwave Background limits,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-12 Christopher Gerlach , Yann Gouttenoire , Antonio J. Iovino , Nicholas Leister

Primordial black holes (PBHs) has been considered to form a part of dark matter for a long time but the possibility has been poorly constrained over a wide mass range, including the stellar mass range ($1-100~M_{\odot}$). However, due to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-09 Huan Zhou , Zhengxiang Li , Zhiqi Huang , He Gao , Lu Huang

To account for the microlensing events observed in the Galactic halo, Gurevich, Zybin, and Sirota have proposed a model of gravitationally bound, noncompact objects with masses of 0.01-1M_\odot. These objects are formed in the expanding…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 V. I. Dokuchaev , Yu. N. Eroshenko

Microlensing surveys of stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud constrain the fraction of the Milky Way halo in Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) with mass $10^{-9} \lesssim M/M_{\odot} \lesssim 10^{4}$. Various studies have reached different…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-03-12 Anne M. Green

We consider constraints on primordial black holes (PBHs) in the mass range $( 10^{-18}\text{-}10^{15} )\,M_{\odot}$ if the dark matter (DM) comprises weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) which form halos around them and generate…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-29 Bernard Carr , Florian Kuhnel , Luca Visinelli

We propose the existence of ultracompact minihalos as a new type of massive compact halo object (MACHO) and suggest an observational test to discover them. These new MACHOs are a powerful probe into the nature of dark matter and physics in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 M. Ricotti , A. Gould

We present new constraints on the merging rates of planetary-mass and asteroid-mass primordial black hole binaries using limits on continuous waves(quasi-monochromatic, quasi-infinite duration signals) derived from an all-sky search for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-06 Andrew L. Miller , Nancy Aggarwal , Sébastien Clesse , Federico De Lillo

We study how the constraints on the primordial black hole density arising from the extragalactic photon background are modified in the scenario that there exist extra large spatial dimensions. We find that though the overall magnitude of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-30 George Johnson

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are considered viable candidates for dark matter and the seeds of supermassive black holes (SMBHs), with their fruitful physical influences providing significant insights into the conditions of the early…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-30 Junyue Yang , Xiaoding Wang , Xiao-Han Ma , Dongdong Zhang , Sheng-Feng Yan , Amara Ilyas , Yi-Fu Cai

Gravitational waves from binary black holes that are gravitationally lensed can be distorted by small microlenses along the line of sight. Microlenses with masses of a few tens of solar masses, and that are close to a critical curve in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-01 Jose M. Diego

As the only dark matter candidate that does not invoke a new particle that survives to the present day, primordial black holes (PBHs) have drawn increasing attention recently. Up to now, various observations have strongly constrained most…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-28 Paulo Montero-Camacho , Xiao Fang , Gabriel Vasquez , Makana Silva , Christopher M. Hirata

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are mainly characterized by their mass function, in which there may be some huge suppression for certain mass spans. If this is the case, the absence of these PBHs will form mass gaps. In this paper, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-15 Xiao-Ming Bi , Lu Chen , Ke Wang

A dark matter overdensity around a black hole may significantly alter the dynamics of the black hole's merger with another compact object. We consider here intermediate mass-ratio inspirals of stellar-mass compact objects with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-12-23 Bradley J. Kavanagh , David A. Nichols , Gianfranco Bertone , Daniele Gaggero

Gravitational microlensing constraints on non-standard compact objects are conventionally derived assuming lenses trace the dark matter halo with velocities following a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution centered around $10^{-3}c$. However, a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-06 Manish Tamta , Nirmal Raj , Himanshu Verma

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are a major candidate for dark matter and they have been extensively constrained across most mass ranges. However, PBHs in the mass range of $10^{17}$ - $10^{21}$ g remain a viable explanation for all dark…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-23 Chen Yang , Jun-Da Pan , Xin Zhang