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We consider two possible extensions of a theorem of Thomassen characterizing the graphs admitting a 2-vertex-connected orientation. First, we show that the problem of deciding whether a mixed graph has a 2-vertex-connected orientation is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-02 Florian Hörsch , Zoltán Szigeti

Given a hereditary graph property $\mathcal{P}$, consider distributions of random orderings of vertices of graphs $G\in\mathcal{P}$ that are preserved under isomorphisms and under taking induced subgraphs. We show that for many properties…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-11 Paul Balister , Béla Bollobás , Svante Janson

A tuple (s1,t1,s2,t2) of vertices in a simple undirected graph is 2-linked when there are two vertex-disjoint paths respectively from s1 to t1 and s2 to t2. A graph is 2-linked when all such tuples are 2-linked. We give a new and simple…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Samuel Humeau , Damien Pous

In this paper we explore mathematical tools that can be used to relate directed and undirected random graph models to each other. We identify probability spaces on which a directed and an undirected graph model are equivalent, and…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-03 Mike van Santvoort , Pim van der Hoorn

We study the escape probability problem in random walks over graphs. Given vertices, $s,t,$ and $p$, the problem asks for the probability that a random walk starting at $s$ will hit $t$ before hitting $p$. Such probabilities can be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Jingbang Chen , Mehrdad Ghadiri , Hoai-An Nguyen , Richard Peng , Junzhao Yang

In the sufficiently sparse case, we find the probability that a uniformly random bipartite graph with given degree sequence contains no edge from a specified set of edges. This enables us to enumerate loop-free digraphs and oriented graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-09 Catherine Greenhill , Mahdieh Hasheminezhad , Isaiah Iliffe , Brendan D. McKay

We count orientations of $G(n,p)$ avoiding certain classes of oriented graphs. In particular, we study $T_r(n,p)$, the number of orientations of the binomial random graph $G(n,p)$ in which every copy of $K_r$ is transitive, and $S_r(n,p)$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-01 Maurício Collares , Yoshiharu Kohayakawa , Robert Morris , Guilherme Oliveira Mota

We prove that every 2k-edge-connected graph with countably many edge-ends admits a k-arc-connected orientation, extending the previous result by Assem, Koloschin and Pitz that also assumed the hypothesis of the graph being locally finite.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-09 Leandro Aurichi , Paulo Magalhães Júnior , Guilherme Eduardo Pinto

We focus on the algorithm underlying the main result of [A. Mestre, R. Oeckl, Generating loop graphs via Hopf algebra in quantum field theory. J. Math. Phys., 47, 122302, 2006]. This is an algebraic formula to generate all connected graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-14 Angela Mestre

Let $d\geq 3$ be a fixed integer, and a prime number $p$ such that $\gcd(p,d)=1$. Let $A$ be the adjacency matrix of a random $d$-regular directed graph on $n$ vertices. We show that as a random matrix in ${\mathbb F}_p$, \begin{equation}…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-01-01 Jiaoyang Huang

Random graphs with a given degree sequence are often constructed using the configuration model, which yields a random multigraph. We may adjust this multigraph by a sequence of switchings, eventually yielding a simple graph. We show that,…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-02-01 Svante Janson

We initiate the study of $k$-edge-connected orientations of undirected graphs through edge flips for $k \geq 2$. We prove that in every orientation of an undirected $2k$-edge-connected graph, there exists a sequence of edges such that…

Consider the d-dimensional lattice Z^d where each vertex is ``open'' or ``closed'' with probability p or 1-p, respectively. An open vertex v is connected by an edge to the closest open vertex w such that the dth co-ordinates of v and w…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Sreela Gangopadhyay , Rahul Roy , Anish Sarkar

We study the random graph $G(n,p)$ with a random orientation. For three fixed vertices $s,a,b$ in $G(n,p)$ we study the correlation of the events $a \to s$ and $s\to b$. We prove that asymptotically the correlation is negative for small…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-04-09 Sven Erick Alm , Svante Janson , Svante Linusson

Let $S^{1},S^{2}$ be independent simple random walks in $\mathbb{Z}^{d}$ ($d=2,3$) started at the origin. We construct two-sided random walk paths conditioned that $S^{1}[0,\infty) \cap S^{2}[1, \infty) = \emptyset$.

Probability · Mathematics 2011-06-28 Daisuke Shiraishi

The Rado Graph, sometimes also known as the (countable) Random Graph, can be generated almost surely by putting an edge between any pair of vertices with some fixed probability $p \in (0, 1)$, independently of other pairs. In this article,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Leonardo N. Coregliano , Jarosław Swaczyna , Agnieszka Widz

In directed random graphs, in which edges can be assigned to have one of two directions, or perhaps both, the distance between two vertices $v$ and $v'$ can be computed along paths that are directed from $v$ to $v'$, or along paths that are…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-25 A. D. Barbour , Gesine Reinert

For every $n\in\mathbb N$ we construct a finite graph $G$ such that every orientation $\vec G$ of $G$ contains an isometric copy of any oriented tree on $n$ vertices, and evaluate the smallest possible cardinality of $G$. On the other hand,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-01 Taras Banakh , Adam Idzik , Oleg Pikhurko , Igor Protasov , Krzysztof Pszczoła

Let $\mathcal{V}$ and $\mathcal{U}$ be the point sets of two independent homogeneous Poisson processes on $\mathbb{R}^d$. A graph $\mathcal{G}_\mathcal{V}$ with vertex set $\mathcal{V}$ is constructed by first connecting pairs of points…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Maria Deijfen , Riccardo Michielan

We study random graph models for directed acyclic graphs, an important class of networks that includes citation networks, food webs, and feed-forward neural networks among others. We propose two specific models, roughly analogous to the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-10-16 Brian Karrer , M. E. J. Newman