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Protons produced in electromagnetic showers formed by the reverse-electron flux are usually the largest component of the time-averaged polar-cap open magnetic flux-line current in neutron stars with positive corotational charge density.…
We predict that the flow of unpolarized current in electron-doped GaAs and InP at room temperature is unstable at high electric fields to the dynamic formation of spin-polarized current pulses. Spin-polarized current is spontaneously…
Electrophoresis is the motion of particles relative to a surrounding fluid driven by a uniform electric field. In conventional electrophoresis, the electrophoretic velocity grows linearly with the applied field. Nonlinear effects with a…
We have observed thermal gating, i.e. electrostatic gating induced by hot electrons. The effect occurs in a device consisting of two capacitively coupled quantum dots. The double dot system is coupled to a hot electron reservoir on one side…
We consider the adiabatic pumping of charge through a mesoscopic one dimensional wire in the presence of electron-electron interactions. A two-delta potential model is used to describe the wire, which allows to obtain exactly the scattering…
Electrochemical energy systems rely on particulate porous electrodes to store or convert energies. While the three-dimensional porous structures were introduced to maximize the interfacial area for better overall performance of the system,…
When two superconductors become electrically connected by a weak link a zero-resistance supercurrent can flow. This supercurrent is carried by Cooper pairs of electrons with a combined charge of twice the elementary charge, e. The 2e charge…
We consider spin-polarized transport in a quantum spin Hall antidot system coupled to normal leads. Due to the helical nature of the conducting edge states, the screening potential at the dot region becomes spin dependent without external…
We derive the expressions of photon energy and particle currents inside an open nanosystem interacting with light using non-equilibrium Green's functions. The model allows different temperatures for the electron reservoirs, which basically…
In traditional approaches of obtaining quantized acoustoelectric current, a narrow channel is fabricated to form quantum dots, which hold a fixed number of electrons at a certain depth. We propose a natural way of forming quantum dots…
Coulometric measurements on salt-water-immersed nanoporous carbon electrodes reveal, at a fixed voltage, a charge decrease with increasing temperature. During far-out-of-equilibrium charging of these electrodes, calorimetry indicates the…
The venerable theory of electrokinetic phenomena rests on the hypothesis of a dilute solution of point-like ions near a weakly charged surface, whose potential relative to the bulk is of order the thermal voltage ($kT/e \approx 25$ mV at…
A quantum pumping mechanism which produces dc current or voltage in response to a cyclic deformation of the confining potential in an open quantum dot is reported. The voltage produced at zero current bias is sinusoidal in the phase…
We developed the theory of elastic electron tunneling through a potential barrier driven by a strong high-frequency electromagnetic field. It is demonstrated that the driven barrier can be considered as a stationary two-barrier potential…
Nonequilibrium processes in semiconductors are considered with highly nonuniform initial densities of charge carriers. It is shown that there exist such distributions of charge densities under which the electric current through a sample…
The phenomenon of electrowetting, i.e., the dependence of the macroscopic contact angle of a fluid on the electrostatic potential of the substrate, is analyzed in terms of the density functional theory of wetting. It is shown that…
Electroosmosis is a fascinating effect where liquid motion is induced by an applied electric field. Counter ions accumulate in the vicinity of charged surfaces, triggering a coupling between liquid mass transport and external electric…
Transport of Brownian particles interacting with each other via the Morse potential is investigated in the presence of an ac driving force applied locally at one end of the chain. By using numerical simulations, we find that the system can…
We report experimentally that the electricity is generated from ambient thermal fluctuations across a non-ideal diode consisted of a silicon tip and an aluminum surface. The output is tuned by the contact force which modulates Schottky…
Theoretical foundations of electron transport in mesoscopic systems, based on Landauer theory, Master equations or Onsager linear thermodynamics, are revisited to show that the noniteracting electrons model is insufficient to describe…