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The Internet-of-Things requires end-nodes with ultra-low-power always-on capability for a long battery lifetime, as well as high performance, energy efficiency, and extreme flexibility to deal with complex and fast-evolving near-sensor…

The emergence of a new, open, and free instruction set architecture, RISC-V, has heralded a new era in microprocessor architectures. Starting with low-power, low-performance prototypes, the RISC-V community has a good chance of moving…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Valentin Volokitin , Evgeny Kozinov , Valentina Kustikova , Alexey Liniov , Iosif Meyerov

Deploying deep neural networks (DNNs) on those resource-constrained edge platforms is hindered by their substantial computation and storage demands. Quantized multi-precision DNNs, denoted as MP-DNNs, offer a promising solution for these…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Chuanning Wang , Chao Fang , Xiao Wu , Zhongfeng Wang , Jun Lin

Achieving high performance, energy efficiency, and cost-effectiveness while maintaining architectural flexibility is a critical challenge in the development and deployment of edge AI devices. Monolithic SoC designs struggle with this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Suhas Suresh Bharadwaj , Prerana Ramkumar

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have gained significant attention in edge computing due to their low power consumption and computational efficiency. However, existing implementations either use conventional System on Chip (SoC) architectures…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Kanishka Gunawardana , Sanka Peeris , Kavishka Rambukwella , Thamish Wanduragala , Saadia Jameel , Roshan Ragel , Isuru Nawinne

Open-source RISC-V cores are increasingly demanded in domains like automotive and space, where achieving high instructions per cycle (IPC) through superscalar and out-of-order (OoO) execution is crucial. However, high-performance…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zexin Fu , Riccardo Tedeschi , Gianmarco Ottavi , Nils Wistoff , César Fuguet , Davide Rossi , Luca Benini

In the last decade, we have witnessed exponential growth in the complexity of control systems for safety-critical applications (automotive, robots, industrial automation) and their transition to heterogeneous mixed-criticality systems…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Michael Rogenmoser , Alessandro Ottaviano , Thomas Benz , Robert Balas , Matteo Perotti , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

The widespread adoption of data-centric algorithms, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), has exposed the limitations of centralized processing infrastructures, driving a shift towards edge computing. This…

FPGA overlays are commonly implemented as coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures with a goal to improve designers' productivity through balancing flexibility and ease of configuration of the underlying fabric. To truly facilitate full…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-22 Ho-Cheung Ng , Cheng Liu , Hayden Kwok-Hay So

A low-power precision-scalable processor for ConvNets or convolutional neural networks (CNN) is implemented in a 40nm technology. Its 256 parallel processing units achieve a peak 102GOPS running at 204MHz. To minimize energy consumption…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-17 Bert Moons , Marian Verhelst

Neural Networks (NN) have been proven to be powerful tools to analyze Big Data. However, traditional CPUs cannot achieve the desired performance and/or energy efficiency for NN applications. Therefore, numerous NN accelerators have been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Taoran Xiang , Lunkai Zhang , Shuqian An , Xiaochun Ye , Mingzhe Zhang , Yanhuan Liu , Mingyu Yan , Da Wang , Hao Zhang , Wenming Li , Ninghui Sun , Dongrui Fan

Why do security cameras, sensors, and siri use cloud servers instead of on-board computation? The lack of very-low-power, high-performance chips greatly limits the ability to field untethered edge devices. We present the NV-1, a new…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-01 W Hokenmaier , R Jurasek , E Bowen , R Granger , D Odom

IoT applications span a wide range in performance and memory footprint, under tight cost and power constraints. High-end applications rely on power-hungry Systems-on-Chip (SoCs) featuring powerful processors, large LPDDR/DDR3/4/5 memories,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Luca Valente , Yvan Tortorella , Mattia Sinigaglia , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Alessandro Capotondi , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

The open-source RISC-V ISA is gaining traction, both in industry and academia. The ISA is designed to scale from micro-controllers to server-class processors. Furthermore, openness promotes the availability of various open-source and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Florian Zaruba , Luca Benini

The last few years have seen the emergence of IoT processors: ultra-low power systems-on-chips (SoCs) combining lightweight and flexible micro-controller units (MCUs), often based on open-ISA RISC-V cores, with application-specific…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-21 Nazareno Bruschi , Germain Haugou , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

Extreme edge platforms, such as in-vehicle smart devices, require efficient deployment of quantized deep neural networks (DNNs) to enable intelligent applications with limited amounts of energy, memory, and computing resources. However,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Longwei Huang , Chao Fang , Qiong Li , Jun Lin , Zhongfeng Wang

Emerging Artificial Intelligence-enabled Internet-of-Things (AI-IoT) System-on-a-Chip (SoC) for augmented reality, personalized healthcare, and nano-robotics need to run many diverse tasks within a power envelope of a few tens of mW over a…

A surge in artificial intelligence and autonomous technologies have increased the demand toward enhanced edge-processing capabilities. Computational complexity and size of state-of-the-art Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are rising…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Rawan Naous , Lazar Supic , Yoonhwan Kang , Ranko Sredojevic , Anish Singhani , Vladimir Stojanovic

Deep neural networks (DNNs) face significant challenges when deployed on resource-constrained extreme edge devices due to their computational and data-intensive nature. While standalone accelerators tailored for specific application…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Xiaoling Yi , Ryan Antonio , Joren Dumoulin , Jiacong Sun , Josse Van Delm , Guilherme Paim , Marian Verhelst

Extreme edge devices or Internet-of-thing nodes require both ultra-low power always-on processing as well as the ability to do on-demand sampling and processing. Moreover, support for IoT applications like voice recognition, machine…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Vikram Jain , Sebastian Giraldo , Jaro De Roose , Linyan Mei , Bert Boons , Marian Verhelst