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Recently, Archer et al.\ studied cyclic permutations that avoid the decreasing pattern $\delta_k=k(k-1)\cdots21$ in one-line notation and avoid another pattern $\tau$ of length $4$ in all their cycle forms. There are three cases in total to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Zuo-Ru Zhang , Hongkuan Zhao

A permutation $\pi$ strongly avoids the pattern $\tau$ if both $\pi$ and $\pi^2$ avoid $\tau$. In this paper, we enumerate permutations of size $n$ that strongly avoid the pattern 132. This enumeration allows us to prove a conjecture that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Kassie Archer , Christina Graves

Pattern-avoiding permutations are a central object of study in both combinatorics and theoretical computer science. In this paper we design a data structure that can store any size-$n$ permutation $\tau$ that avoids an arbitrary (and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-24 László Kozma , Michal Opler

We evaluate the probabilities of various events under the uniform distribution on the set of 312-avoiding permutations of 1,...,N. We derive exact formulas for the probability that the ith element of a random permutation is a specific value…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-11-11 Neal Madras , Lerna Pehlivan

We explore the probability that a permutation sampled from the symmetric group of order n uniformly at random has cycles of lengths not exceeding r. Asymptotic formulas valid in specified regions for the ratio n/r are obtained using the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-05 Eugenijus Manstavičius , Robertas Petuchovas

We complete the enumeration of cyclic permutations avoiding two patterns of length three each by providing explicit formulas for all but one of the pairs for which no such formulas were known. The pair $(123,231)$ proves to be the most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Miklos Bona , Michael Cory

We consider a random permutation drawn from the set of 132-avoiding permutations of length $n$ and show that the number of occurrences of another pattern $\sigma$ has a limit distribution, after scaling by $n^{\lambda(\sigma)/2}$ where…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-05-25 Svante Janson

An open conjecture in pattern avoidance theory is that the distribution of the major index among 321-avoiding permutations is distributed unimodally. We construct a formula for this distribution, and in the case of 2 descents prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-14 William J. Keith

Following a question of J. Cooper, we study the expected number of occurrences of a given permutation pattern $q$ in permutations that avoid another given pattern $r$. In some cases, we find the pattern that occurs least often, (resp. most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-10-08 Miklos Bona

Let $LA_{n}(\tau)$ be the length of the longest alternating subsequence of a uniform random permutation $\tau\in[n]$. Classical probabilistic arguments are used to rederive the asymptotic mean, variance and limiting law of $LA_{n}(\tau)$.…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-09-11 Christian Houdré , Ricardo Restrepo

For a variety of pattern-avoiding classes, we describe the limiting distribution for the number of fixed points for involutions chosen uniformly at random from that class. In particular we consider monotone patterns of arbitrary length as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Samuel Miner , Douglas Rizzolo , Erik Slivken

A crucial permutation is a permutation that avoids a given set of prohibitions, but any of its extensions, in an allowable way, results in a prohibition being introduced. In this paper, we introduce five natural types of crucial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-28 Sergey Avgustinovich , Sergey Kitaev , Anna Taranenko

A permutation $\pi$ is said to avoid a chain $(\sigma:\tau)$ of patterns if $\pi$ avoids $\sigma$ and $\pi^2$ avoids $\tau.$ In this paper, we define a notion of pattern avoidance for compositions of positive integers and use that idea to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Kassie Archer , Noel Bourne

An alternating permutation of length $n$ is a permutation $\pi=\pi_1 \pi_2 ... \pi_n$ such that $\pi_1 < \pi_2 > \pi_3 < \pi_4 > ...$. Let $A_n$ denote set of alternating permutations of ${1,2,..., n}$, and let $A_n(\sigma)$ be set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-12-13 Joanna N. Chen , William Y. C. Chen , Robin D. P. Zhou

The pattern avoidance problem seeks to construct a set $X\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ with large dimension that avoids a prescribed pattern. Examples of such patterns include three-term arithmetic progressions (solutions to $x_1 - 2x_2 + x_3 =…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2019-04-05 Jacob Denson , Malabika Pramanik , Joshua Zahl

In this paper, we consider pattern avoidance in a subset of words on $\{1,1,2,2,\dots,n,n\}$ called reverse double lists. In particular a reverse double list is a word formed by concatenating a permutation with its reversal. We enumerate…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Monica Anderson , Marika Diepenbroek , Lara Pudwell , Alex Stoll

Define $S_n^k(T)$ to be the set of permutations of $\{1,2,...,n\}$ with exactly $k$ fixed points which avoid all patterns in $T \subseteq S_m$. We enumerate $S_n^k(T)$, $T \subseteq S_3$, for all $|T| \geq 2$ and $0 \leq k \leq n$.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Toufik Mansour , Aaron Robertson

We calculate the large deviations for the length of the longest alternating subsequence and for the length of the longest increasing subsequence in a uniformly random permutation that avoids a pattern of length three. We treat all six…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-09-04 Ross G. Pinsky

We explore how the asymptotic structure of a random $n$-term weak integer composition of $m$ evolves, as $m$ increases from zero. The primary focus is on establishing thresholds for the appearance and disappearance of substructures. These…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-20 David Bevan , Dan Threlfall

We completely classify the asymptotic behavior of the number of alternating sign matrices classically avoiding a single permutation pattern, in the sense of [Johansson and Linusson 2007]. In particular, we give a uniform proof of an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-15 Mathilde Bouvel , Eric S. Egge , Rebecca N. Smith , Jessica Striker , Justin M. Troyka