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Improper Input Validation (IIV) is a software vulnerability that occurs when a system does not safely handle input data. Even though IIV is easy to detect and fix, it still commonly happens in practice. In this paper, we study to what…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Larissa Braz , Enrico Fregnan , Gül Çalikli , Alberto Bacchelli

We recommend a programming construct - availability check - for programs that need to automatically adjust to presence or absence of segments of code. The idea is to check the existence of a valid definition before a function call is…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joy Mukherjee , Srinidhi Varadarajan

Certifying neural network robustness against adversarial examples is challenging, as formal guarantees often require solving non-convex problems. Hence, incomplete verifiers are widely used because they scale efficiently and substantially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Mohammadreza Maleki , Rushendra Sidibomma , Arman Adibi , Reza Samavi

Although neural networks are widely used, it remains challenging to formally verify the safety and robustness of neural networks in real-world applications. Existing methods are designed to verify the network before deployment, which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Tianhao Wei , Changliu Liu

A key benefit of deep vision-language models such as CLIP is that they enable zero-shot open vocabulary classification; the user has the ability to define novel class labels via natural language prompts at inference time. However, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-05 A K Nirala , A Joshi , C Hegde , S Sarkar

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) use complex decision-making (DM) models with multimodal sensory inputs, making rigorous validation and verification (V&V) essential for safety and reliability. These models pose challenges in diagnosing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Halit Eris , Stefan Wagner

Gradual verification soundly combines static checking and dynamic checking to provide an incremental approach for software verification. With gradual verification, programs can be partially specified first, and then the full specification…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Doruk Alp Mutlu

Rust is a modern programming language that guarantees memory safety and the absence of data races with a strong type system. We present RustyDL, a program logic for Rust, as a foundation for an auto-interactive, deductive verification tool…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Daniel Drodt , Reiner Hähnle

Formal verification provides strong guarantees of correctness of software, which are especially important in safety or security critical systems. Hoare logic is a widely used formalism for rigorous verification of software against…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Jayaraj Poroor

In recent years, program verifiers and interactive theorem provers have become more powerful and more suitable for verifying large programs or proofs. This has demonstrated the need for improving the user experience of these tools to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-04-29 K. Rustan M. Leino , Valentin Wüstholz

The rise of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) has transformed network infrastructures by replacing fixed hardware with software-based Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs), enabling greater agility, scalability, and cost efficiency.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Mario Di Mauro , Walter Cerroni , Fabio Postiglione , Massimo Tornatore , Kishor S. Trivedi

Stream Runtime Verification is a formal dynamic analysis technique that generalizes runtime verification algorithms from temporal logics like LTL to stream monitoring, allowing to compute richer verdicts than Booleans (including…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Martin Ceresa , Felipe Gorostiaga , Cesar Sanchez

The cutting edge in systems development today is in the area of "systems of systems" (SoS) large networks of inter-related systems that are developed and managed separately, but that also perform collective activities. Such large systems…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-11-15 Eric Honour

Large language models (LLMs) have shown increasing competence in solving mathematical reasoning problems. However, many open-source LLMs still struggle with errors in calculation and semantic understanding during intermediate reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Vernon Y. H. Toh , Deepanway Ghosal , Soujanya Poria

Large language models are increasingly used to produce runnable software. In practice, security is often addressed through a Detect--Repair--Verify (DRV) loop that detects issues, applies fixes, and verifies the result. This work studies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Cheng Cheng

Neural network verification is a new and rapidly developing field of research. So far, the main priority has been establishing efficient verification algorithms and tools, while proper support from the programming language perspective has…

The paper proposes a control-theoretic framework for verification of numerical software systems, and puts forward software verification as an important application of control and systems theory. The idea is to transfer Lyapunov functions…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2011-08-30 Mardavij Roozbehani , Alexandre Megretski , Eric Feron

The current verification flow of complex systems uses different engines synergistically: virtual prototyping, formal verification, simulation, emulation and FPGA prototyping. However, none is able to verify a complete architecture.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-02-12 Tomas Grimm , Djones Lettnin , Michael Hübner

Open-Vocabulary Object Detection (OVOD) aims to enable detectors to generalize across categories by leveraging semantic information. Although existing methods are pretrained on large vision-language datasets, their inference is still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chujie Wang , Jianyu Lu , Zhiyuan Luo , Xi Chen , Chu He

Assertion checking is an invaluable programmer's tool for finding many classes of errors or verifying their absence in dynamic languages such as Prolog. For Prolog programmers this means being able to have relevant properties such as modes,…