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The iterated prisoner's dilemma is a game that produces many counter-intuitive and complex behaviors in a social environment, based on very simple basic rules. It illustrates that cooperation can be a good thing even in a competitive world,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Robert Prentner

In real-world scenarios, individuals often cooperate for mutual benefit. However, differences in wealth can lead to varying outcomes for similar actions. In complex social networks, individuals' choices are also influenced by their…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-07-08 Yunhao Ding , Chunyan Zhang , Jianlei Zhang

In the optional prisoner's dilemma (OPD), players can choose to cooperate and defect as usual, but can also abstain as a third possible strategy. This strategy models the players' participation in the game and is a relevant aspect in many…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Leonardo Stella , Dario Bauso

In the evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game, agents play with each other and update their strategies in every generation according to some microscopic dynamical rule. In its spatial version, agents do not play with every other but,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2009-03-08 Luis G. Moyano , Angel Sánchez

We address the problem of how the survival of cooperation in a social system depends on the motion of the individuals. Specifically, we study a model in which Prisoner's Dilemma players are allowed to move in a two-dimensional plane. Our…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-13 S. Meloni , A. Buscarino , L. Fortuna , M. Frasca , J. Gomez-Gardenes , V. Latora , Y. Moreno

Recently, the eco-evolutionary game theory which describes the coupled dynamics of strategies and environment have attracted great attention. At the same time, most of the current work is focused on the classic two-player two-strategy game.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-11-22 Bin-Quan Li , Cong Liu , Zhi-Xi Wu , Jian-Yue Guan

A modified spatial prisoner's dilemma game with voluntary participation in Newman-Watts small-world networks is studied. Some reasonable ingredients are introduced to the game evolutionary dynamics: each agent in the network is a pure…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Zhi-Xi Wu , Xin-Jian Xu , Yong chen , Ying-Hai Wang

We study a model for switching strategies in the Prisoner's Dilemma game on adaptive networks of player pairings that coevolve as players attempt to maximize their return. We use a node-based strategy model wherein each player follows one…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Hsuan-Wei Lee , Nishant Malik , Peter J. Mucha

We study a modified prisoner's dilemma game taking place on two-dimensional disordered square lattices. The players are pure strategists and can either cooperate or defect with their immediate neighbors. In the generations each player…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Zhi-Xi Wu , Xin-Jian Xu , Zi-Gang Huang , Sheng-Jun Wang , Ying-Hai Wang

Recent studies in the spatial prisoner's dilemma games with reinforcement learning have shown that static agents can learn to cooperate through a diverse sort of mechanisms, including noise injection, different types of learning algorithms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Gustavo C. Mangold , Heitor C. M. Fernandes , Mendeli H. Vainstein

A generic property of biological, social and economical networks is their ability to evolve in time, creating and suppressing interactions. We approach this issue within the framework of an adaptive network of agents playing a Prisoner's…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2014-10-20 Martin G. Zimmermann , Victor M. Eguiluz , Maxi San Miguel

Stability of evolutionary dynamics of non-repeated Prisoner's Dilemma game with non-uniform interaction rates [1], via benefit and cost dilemma is studied . Moreover, the stability condition (b+c/b-c)2 < r1r3 is derived in case of…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2011-03-29 M. I. Shehata

In spatial games players typically alter their strategy by imitating the most successful or one randomly selected neighbor. Since a single neighbor is taken as reference, the information stemming from other neighbors is neglected, which…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-11-01 Xiaofeng Wang , Matjaz Perc , Yongkui Liu , Xiaojie Chen , Long Wang

When the interactions between cooperators (C) and defectors (D) can be partially avoided within a population, there may be an overall enhancement of cooperation. One example of such screening mechanism occurs in the presence of risk-averse…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-09-20 Gabriel A. Canova , J. J. Arenzon

Punishment, especially selfish punishment, has recently been identified as a potent promoter in sustaining or even enhancing the cooperation among unrelated individuals. However, without other key mechanisms, the first-order social dilemma…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-08-13 Pengbi Cui , Zhi-Xi Wu

Cooperation underlies many natural and artificial systems. While voluntary participation can sustain cooperation without informational assumptions, real interactions are rarely anonymous, leaving the joint effects of participation and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-27 Chen Shen , Zhao Song , Xinyu Wang , Lei Shi , Matjaž Perc , Zhen Wang , Jun Tanimoto

Understanding cooperative behavior in biological and social systems constitutes a scientific challenge, being the object of intense research over the past decades. Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain the presence and persistence…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-08-24 Hugo Perez-Martinez , Carlos Gracia-Lazaro , Fabio Dercole , Yamir Moreno

Holding on to one's strategy is natural and common if the later warrants success and satisfaction. This goes against widespread simulation practices of evolutionary games, where players frequently consider changing their strategy even…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2012-05-04 Yongkui Liu , Xiaojie Chen , Lin Zhang , Long Wang , Matjaz Perc

The Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) deals with the cooperation/defection conflict between two agents. The agents are represented by a cell of $L \times L$ square lattice. The agents are initially randomly distributed according to a certain…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ricardo Oliveira dos Santos Soares , Alexandre Souto Martinez

We study the possible advantages of adopting of quantum strategies in multi-player evolutionary games. We base our study on the three-player Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game. In order to model the simultaneous interaction between three agents…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-10 Ł. Pawela , J. Sładkowski