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Shape formation is one of the most thoroughly studied problems in programmable matter and swarm robotics. However, in many models, the class of shapes that can be formed is highly restricted due to the particles' limited memory. In the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jonas Friemel , David Liedtke , Christian Scheffer

We investigate the role of nondeterminism in Winfree's abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM), which was conceived to model artificial molecular self-assembling systems constructed from DNA. Of particular practical importance is to find tile…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-11-29 Nathaniel Bryans , Ehsan Chiniforooshan , David Doty , Lila Kari , Shinnosuke Seki

In this paper we demonstrate the power of a model of tile self-assembly based on active glues which can dynamically change state. We formulate the Signal-passing Tile Assembly Model (STAM), based on the model of Padilla, Liu, and Seeman to…

We show the first asymptotically efficient constructions in the so-called "noncooperative planar tile assembly" model. Algorithmic self-assembly is the study of the local, distributed, asynchronous algorithms ran by molecules to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Pierre-Etienne Meunier , Damien Regnault

We show that the Tile Assembly Model exhibits a strong notion of universality where the goal is to give a single tile assembly system that simulates the behavior of any other tile assembly system. We give a tile assembly system that is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-09-08 David Doty , Jack H. Lutz , Matthew J. Patitz , Scott M. Summers , Damien Woods

In this paper we consider the problem of the strict self-assembly of infinite fractals within tile self-assembly. In particular, we provide tile assembly algorithms for the assembly of the discrete Sierpinski triangle and the discrete…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-05-26 Cameron T. Chalk , Dominic A. Fernandez , Alejandro Huerta , Mario A. Maldonado , Robert T. Schweller , Leslie Sweet

We review some recent results related to the self-assembly of infinite structures in the Tile Assembly Model. These results include impossibility results, as well as novel tile assembly systems in which shapes and patterns that represent…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-06-19 Matthew J. Patitz , Scott M. Summers

We show the first non-trivial positive algorithmic results (i.e. programs whose output is larger than their size), in a model of self-assembly that has so far resisted many attempts of formal analysis or programming: the planar…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2014-07-11 Pierre-Étienne Meunier

Assembling parts into an object is a combinatorial problem that arises in a variety of contexts in the real world and involves numerous applications in science and engineering. Previous related work tackles limited cases with identical unit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Jinhwi Lee , Jungtaek Kim , Hyunsoo Chung , Jaesik Park , Minsu Cho

Working in Winfree's abstract tile assembly model, we show that a constant-size tile assembly system can be programmed through relative tile concentrations to build an n x n square with high probability, for any sufficiently large n. This…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-13 David Doty

In this paper, we prove that in the abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM), an accretion-based model which only allows for a single tile to attach to a growing assembly at each step, there are no tile assembly systems capable of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Jacob Hendricks , Joseph Opseth , Matthew Patitz , Scott Summers

We present fast simulation methods for the self-assembly of complex shapes in two dimensions. The shapes are modeled via a general boundary curve and interact via a standard volume term promoting overlap and an interpenetration penalty. To…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-12-11 Lukas Mayrhofer , Myfanwy E. Evans , Gero Friesecke

Winfree's abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM) is a model of molecular self-assembly of DNA complexes known as tiles, which float freely in solution and attach one at a time to a growing "seed" assembly based on specific binding sites on…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Ho-Lin Chen , David Doty , Shinnosuke Seki

We discuss the self-assembly system of triangular tiles instead of square tiles, in particular right triangular tiles and equilateral triangular tiles. We show that the triangular tile assembly system, either deterministic or…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2010-03-01 Lila Kari , Shinnosuke Seki , Zhi Xu

The design of irregular planar phased arrays (PAs) characterized by a highly-modular architecture is addressed. By exploiting the property of self-replicating tile shapes, also known as rep-tiles, the arising array layouts consist of tiles…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-19 Nicola Anselmi , Luca Tosi , Paolo Rocca , Giovanni Toso , Andrea Massa

Perhaps the two most significant theoretical questions about the programming of self-assembling agents are: (1) necessary and sufficient conditions to produce a unique terminal assembly, and (2) error correction. We address both questions,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-09-16 Aaron Sterling

Tile-based self-assembly systems are capable of universal computation and algorithmically-directed growth. Systems capable of such behavior typically make use of "glue cooperation" in which the glues on at least $2$ sides of a tile must…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Daniel Hader , Matthew J. Patitz

The 2-Handed Assembly Model (2HAM) is a tile-based self-assembly model in which, typically beginning from single tiles, arbitrarily large aggregations of static tiles combine in pairs to form structures. The Signal-passing Tile Assembly…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2013-12-16 Tyler Fochtman , Jacob Hendricks , Jennifer E. Padilla , Matthew J. Patitz , Trent A. Rogers

In contrast to most self-assembling synthetic materials, which undergo unbounded growth, many biological self-assembly processes are self-limited. That is, the assembled structures have one or more finite dimensions that are much larger…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-05-25 Huang Fang , Botond Tyukodi , W. Benjamin Rogers , Michael F. Hagan

In this paper we show that passive self-assembly in the context of the tile self-assembly model is capable of performing fuel efficient, universal computation. The tile self-assembly model is a premiere model of self-assembly in which…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-08-09 Robert Schweller , Michael Sherman