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The discrepancy between two independent samples \(X_1,\dots,X_n\) and \(Y_1,\dots,Y_n\) drawn from the same distribution on $\mathbb{R}^d$ typically has order \(O(\sqrt{n})\) even in one dimension. We give a simple online algorithm that…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Gleb Smirnov , Roman Vershynin

The problem of online checkpointing is a classical problem with numerous applications which had been studied in various forms for almost 50 years. In the simplest version of this problem, a user has to maintain $k$ memorized checkpoints…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Achiya Bar-On , Itai Dinur , Orr Dunkelman , Rani Hod , Nathan Keller , Eyal Ronen , Adi Shamir

We study the online discrepancy minimization problem for vectors in $\mathbb{R}^d$ in the oblivious setting where an adversary is allowed fix the vectors $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n$ in arbitrary order ahead of time. We give an algorithm that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-09 David Arbour , Drew Dimmery , Tung Mai , Anup Rao

We study the long-term behavior of the two-thinning variant of the classical balls-and-bins model. In this model, an overseer is provided with uniform random allocation of $m$ balls into $n$ bins in an on-line fashion. For each ball, the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-03-11 Ohad N. Feldheim , Ori Gurel-Gurevich , Jiange Li

We consider an online vector balancing question where $T$ vectors, chosen from an arbitrary distribution over $[-1,1]^n$, arrive one-by-one and must be immediately given a $\pm$ sign. The goal is to keep the discrepancy small as possible. A…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Nikhil Bansal , Haotian Jiang , Sahil Singla , Makrand Sinha

This paper studies classification with an abstention option in the online setting. In this setting, examples arrive sequentially, the learner is given a hypothesis class $\mathcal H$, and the goal of the learner is to either predict a label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-29 Chicheng Zhang , Kamalika Chaudhuri

Consider the problem: we are given $n$ boxes, labeled $\{1,2,\ldots, n\}$ by an adversary, each containing a single number chosen from an unknown distribution; these $n$ distributions are not necessarily identical. We are also given an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Mohammad Taghi Hajiaghayi , Dariusz R. Kowalski , Piotr Krysta , Jan Olkowski

In the online checkpointing problem, the task is to continuously maintain a set of k checkpoints that allow to rewind an ongoing computation faster than by a full restart. The only operation allowed is to replace an old checkpoint by the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-05-01 Karl Bringmann , Benjamin Doerr , Adrian Neumann , Jakub Sliacan

Consider the task of \textit{online} vector balancing for stochastic arrivals $(X_i)_{i \in [T]}$, where the time horizon satisfies $T = \Theta(n)$, and the $X_i$ are i.i.d uniform $d$--sparse $n$--dimensional binary vectors, with $2\leq d…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Dylan J. Altschuler , Konstantin Tikhomirov

We introduce kernel thinning, a new procedure for compressing a distribution $\mathbb{P}$ more effectively than i.i.d. sampling or standard thinning. Given a suitable reproducing kernel $\mathbf{k}_{\star}$ and $O(n^2)$ time, kernel…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-14 Raaz Dwivedi , Lester Mackey

It is well understood that if one is given a set $X \subset [0,1]$ of $n$ independent uniformly distributed random variables, then $$ \sup_{0 \leq x \leq 1} \left| \frac{\# X \cap [0,x]}{\# X} - x \right| \lesssim \frac{\sqrt{\log{n}}}{…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-24 Dmitriy Bilyk , Stefan Steinerberger

Given a sequence of independent random variables with a common continuous distribution, we consider the online decision problem where one seeks to minimize the expected value of the time that is needed to complete the selection of a…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-09-05 Alessandro Arlotto , Elchanan Mossel , J. Michael Steele

Balls are sequentially allocated into $n$ bins as follows: for each ball, an independent, uniformly random bin is generated. An overseer may then choose to either allocate the ball to this bin, or else the ball is allocated to a new…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-07-04 Ohad N. Feldheim , Ori Gurel-Gurevich

Thinning is the removal of contour pixels/points of connected components in an image to produce their skeleton with retained connectivity and structural properties. The output requirements of a thinning procedure often vary with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Himanshu Jain , Archana Praveen Kumar

In the stochastic online vector balancing problem, vectors $v_1,v_2,\ldots,v_T$ chosen independently from an arbitrary distribution in $\mathbb{R}^n$ arrive one-by-one and must be immediately given a $\pm$ sign. The goal is to keep the norm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Nikhil Bansal , Haotian Jiang , Raghu Meka , Sahil Singla , Makrand Sinha

We consider the problem of learning a discrete distribution in the presence of an $\epsilon$ fraction of malicious data sources. Specifically, we consider the setting where there is some underlying distribution, $p$, and each data source…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Mingda Qiao , Gregory Valiant

We introduce a model of online algorithms subject to strict constraints on data retention. An online learning algorithm encounters a stream of data points, one per round, generated by some stationary process. Crucially, each data point can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Nicole Immorlica , Brendan Lucier , Markus Mobius , James Siderius

Although many authors have considered how many ternary comparisons it takes to sort a multiset $S$ of size $n$, the best known upper and lower bounds still differ by a term linear in $n$. In this paper we restrict our attention to online…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-07-07 Travis Gagie , Yakov Nekrich

We consider the online sparse linear regression problem, which is the problem of sequentially making predictions observing only a limited number of features in each round, to minimize regret with respect to the best sparse linear regressor,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-08 Dean Foster , Satyen Kale , Howard Karloff

In online classification, a learner is presented with a sequence of examples and aims to predict their labels in an online fashion so as to minimize the total number of mistakes. In the self-directed variant, the learner knows in advance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Ilias Diakonikolas , Vasilis Kontonis , Christos Tzamos , Nikos Zarifis
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