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Asymmetric statistical errors arise for experimental results obtained by Maximum Likelihood estimation, in cases where the number of results is finite and the log likelihood function is not a symmetric parabola. This note discusses how…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Roger Barlow

We study Martin-L\"{o}f random (ML-random) points on computable probability measures on sample and parameter spaces (Bayes models). We consider variants of conditional randomness defined by ML-randomness on Bayes models and those of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Hayato Takahashi

We propose a homogeneity test closely related to the concept of linear separability between two samples. Using the test one can answer the question whether a linear classifier is merely ``random'' or effectively captures differences between…

In astro-ph/0702542v2, Linder and Miquel seek to criticize the use of Bayesian model selection for data analysis and for survey forecasting and design. Their discussion is based on three serious misunderstandings of the conceptual…

Bayesian statistics is concerned with conducting posterior inference for the unknown quantities in a given statistical model. Conventional Bayesian inference requires the specification of a probabilistic model for the observed data, and the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-11 David T. Frazier , Christopher Drovandi , David J. Nott

The Latent Block Model (LBM) is a model-based method to cluster simultaneously the $d$ columns and $n$ rows of a data matrix. Parameter estimation in LBM is a difficult and multifaceted problem. Although various estimation strategies have…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-26 Vincent Brault , Christine Keribin , Mahendra Mariadassou

In some applied scenarios, the availability of complete data is restricted, often due to privacy concerns; only aggregated, robust and inefficient statistics derived from the data are made accessible. These robust statistics are not…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-23 Antoine Luciano , Christian P. Robert , Robin J. Ryder

When interpreting A/B tests, we typically focus only on the statistically significant results and take them by face value. This practice, termed post-selection inference in the statistical literature, may negatively affect both point…

Applications · Statistics 2021-06-01 Alex Deng , Yicheng Li , Jiannan Lu , Vivek Ramamurthy

We present a unified general formalism for ultraviolet Lorentz invariance violation (LV) testing through electromagnetic wave propagation, based on both dispersion and rotation measure data. This allows for a direct comparison of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Tina Kahniashvili , Grigol Gogoberidze , Bharat Ratra

In this paper, our interest is in the problem of simultaneous hypothesis testing when the test statistics corresponding to the individual hypotheses are possibly correlated. Specifically, we consider the case when the test statistics…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-01-14 Anupam Kundu , Subir Kumar Bhandari

We present the first four years of BVRI photometry from an on-going survey to annually monitor the photometric behavior of evolved luminous stars in M31 and M33. Photometry was measured for 199 stars at multiple epochs, including 9 classic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-09 John C. Martin , Roberta M. Humphreys

In the classical contamination models, such as the gross-error (Huber and Tukey contamination model or Case-wise Contamination), observations are considered as the units to be identified as outliers or not. This model is very useful when…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-11 Giovanni Saraceno , Claudio Agostinelli

Covariance estimation becomes challenging in the regime where the number p of variables outstrips the number n of samples available to construct the estimate. One way to circumvent this problem is to assume that the covariance matrix is…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-06-14 Richard Y. Chen , Alex Gittens , Joel A. Tropp

We provide theoretical and experimental evidence of statistical outliers in random laser emission that are not accounted for by the, now established, power-law tailed (L\'evy) distribution. Such outliers manifest themselves as single, large…

We examine contributions of second order physical processes to results of stellar evolution calculations amenable to direct observational testing. In the first paper in the series (Young et al. 2001) we established baseline results using…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Patrick A. Young , David Arnett

Statistical dependence between hypotheses poses a significant challenge to the stability of large scale multiple hypotheses testing. Ignoring it often results in an unacceptably large spread in the false positive proportion even though the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-15 Sairam Rayaprolu , Zhiyi Chi

As a basic symmetry of space-time, Lorentz symmetry has played important roles in various fields of physics, and it is a glamorous question whether Lorentz symmetry breaks. Since Einstein proposed special relativity, Lorentz symmetry has…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-17 Ping He , Bo-Qiang Ma

Doppler surveys have shown that the occurrence rate of Jupiter-mass planets appears to increase as a function of stellar mass. However, this result depends on the ability to accurately measure the masses of evolved stars. Recently, Lloyd…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 John Asher Johnson , Timothy D. Morton , Jason T. Wright

Recently Batsidis \textit{et al.} (2011) have presented a new procedure based on divergence measures for testing the hypothesis of the existence of a change point in exponential populations. A simulation study was carried out, in this…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-07-18 Apostolos Batsidis , Nirian Martín , Leandro Pardo , Konstantinos Zografos

Astrometric calibration of images with a small field of view is often inferior to the internal accuracy of the source detections due to the small number of accessible guide stars. One important experiment with such challenges is the Hubble…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-06 Fan Tian , Tamás Budavári , Amitabh Basu , Stephen H. Lubow , Richard L. White