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We prove an interesting fact about Lottery: the winning 6 numbers (out of 49) in the game of the Lottery contain two consecutive numbers with a surprisingly high probability (almost 50%).

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Konstantinos Drakakis

Models in which the number of goals scored by a team in a soccer match follow a Poisson distribution, or a closely related one, have been widely discussed. We here consider a soccer match as an experiment to assess which of two teams is…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-09-29 G. K. Skinner , G. H. Freeman

Two topics are presented: synchronization games and synchronization costs. In a synchronization game on a deterministic finite automaton, there are two players, Alice and Bob, whose moves alternate. Alice wants to synchronize the given…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-11-25 Födor Fominykh , Pavel Martyugin , Mikhail Volkov

We examine a two-person game we call Will-Testing in which the strategy space for both players is a real number. It has no equilibrium. When an infinitely large set of players plays this in all possible pairings, there is an equilibrium for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-28 Leonid Gurvits , J. Stephen Judd

Wireless secret sharing is crucial to information security in the era of Internet of Things. One method is to utilize the effect of the randomness of the wireless channel in the data link layer to generate the common secret between two…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Lei Miao , Dingde Jiang

In the recent years self-testing has grown into a rich and active area of study with applications ranging from practical verification of quantum devices to deep complexity theoretic results. Self-testing allows a classical verifier to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Laura Mančinska , Simon Schmidt

Twenty questions is a widely popular verbal game. In recent years, many computerized versions of this game have been developed in which a user thinks of an entity and a computer attempts to guess this entity by asking a series of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-23 Parth Parikh , Anisha Gupta

In this paper we study continuous-time two-player zero-sum optimal switching games on a finite horizon. Using the theory of doubly reflected BSDEs with interconnected barriers, we show that this game has a value and an equilibrium in the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-06-04 Said Hamadène , Randall Martyr , John Moriarty

We introduce a guessing game, permutation Wordle, in which a guesser attempts to recover a hidden permutation in $S_n$. In each round, the guesser guesses a permutation (using information from previous rounds) and is told which entries of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Samuel A. Kutin , Lawren M. Smithline

We study two-player general sum repeated finite games where the rewards of each player are generated from an unknown distribution. Our aim is to find the egalitarian bargaining solution (EBS) for the repeated game, which can lead to much…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Aristide Tossou , Christos Dimitrakakis , Jaroslaw Rzepecki , Katja Hofmann

Suppose Alice has a coin with heads probability $q$ and Bob has one with heads probability $p>q$. Now each of them will toss their coin $n$ times, and Alice will win iff she gets more heads than Bob does. Evidently the game favors Bob, but…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-13 Vittorio Addona , Stan Wagon , Herb Wilf

We consider the weighted version of the Tron game on graphs where two players, Alice and Bob, each build their own path by claiming one vertex at a time, starting with Alice. The vertices carry non-negative weights that sum up to 1 and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-15 Daniel Hoske , Jonathan Rollin , Torsten Ueckerdt , Stefan Walzer

This paper studies an instance of zero-sum games in which one player (the leader) commits to its opponent (the follower) to choose its actions by sampling a given probability measure (strategy). The actions of the leader are observed by the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Emmanouil M Athanasakos , Samir M Perlaza

In the last years, the DeepMind algorithm AlphaZero has become the state of the art to efficiently tackle perfect information two-player zero-sum games with a win/lose outcome. However, when the win/lose outcome is decided by a final score…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Luca Pasqualini , Gianluca Amato , Marco Fantozzi , Rosa Gini , Alessandro Marchetti , Carlo Metta , Francesco Morandin , Maurizio Parton

We consider a game with two piles, in which two players take turn to add $a$ or $b$ chips ($a$, $b$ are not necessarily positive) randomly and independently to their respective piles. The player who collects $n$ chips first wins the game.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-11 Ho-Hon Leung , Thotsaporn "Aek'' Thanatipanonda

For a zero-sum stochastic game which does not satisfy the Isaacs condition, we provide a value function representation for an Isaacs-type equation whose Hamiltonian lies in between the lower and upper Hamiltonians, as a convex combination…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-09-30 Daniel Hernández-Hernández , Mihai Sîrbu

In 1901, Bouton proved that a winning strategy of the game of Nim is given by the bitwise XOR, called the nim-sum. But, why does such a weird binary operation work? Led by this question, this paper introduces a categorical reinterpretation…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-17 Ryuya Hora

In this paper we study a zero-sum switching game and its verification theorems expressed in terms of either a system of Reflected Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (RBSDEs in short) with bilateral interconnected obstacles or a…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-30 Said Hamadène , Tingshu Mu

Total variant of well known graph coloring game is considered. We determine exact values of total game chromatic number for some classes of graphs and show show the strategie for first player to win the game. We also show relation between…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-30 Tomasz Bartnicki , Zofia Miechowicz

We investigate the quantization of non-zero sum games. For the particular case of the Prisoners' Dilemma we show that this game ceases to pose a dilemma if quantum strategies are allowed for. We also construct a particular quantum strategy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-16 J. Eisert , M. Wilkens , M. Lewenstein