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We study the problem of repeated play in a zero-sum game in which the payoff matrix may change, in a possibly adversarial fashion, on each round; we call these Online Matrix Games. Finding the Nash Equilibrium (NE) of a two player zero-sum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Adrian Rivera Cardoso , Jacob Abernethy , He Wang , Huan Xu

In this paper, we examine the Nash equilibrium convergence properties of no-regret learning in general N-player games. For concreteness, we focus on the archetypal follow the regularized leader (FTRL) family of algorithms, and we consider…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Angeliki Giannou , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis , Panayotis Mertikopoulos

Regret minimization is a general approach to online optimization which plays a crucial role in many algorithms for approximating Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum games. The literature mainly focuses on solving individual games in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-29 David Sychrovský , Martin Schmid , Michal Šustr , Michael Bowling

Hannan consistency, or no external regret, is a~key concept for learning in games. An action selection algorithm is Hannan consistent (HC) if its performance is eventually as good as selecting the~best fixed action in hindsight. If both…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Vojtěch Kovařík , Viliam Lisý

We show that Optimistic Hedge -- a common variant of multiplicative-weights-updates with recency bias -- attains ${\rm poly}(\log T)$ regret in multi-player general-sum games. In particular, when every player of the game uses Optimistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Constantinos Daskalakis , Maxwell Fishelson , Noah Golowich

We study the problem of learning in zero-sum matrix games with repeated play and bandit feedback. Specifically, we focus on developing uncoupled algorithms that guarantee, without communication between players, the convergence of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Côme Fiegel , Pierre Ménard , Tadashi Kozuno , Michal Valko , Vianney Perchet

We derive the rate of convergence to Nash equilibria for the payoff-based algorithm proposed in \cite{tat_kam_TAC}. These rates are achieved under the standard assumption of convexity of the game, strong monotonicity and differentiability…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-24 Tatiana Tatarenko , Maryam Kamgarpour

Computing an equilibrium in congestion games can be challenging when the number of players is large. Yet, it is a problem to be addressed in practice, for instance to forecast the state of the system and be able to control it. In this work,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-04 Cheng Wan , Paulin Jacquot , Olivier Beaude , Nadia Oudjane

A mean-field game (MFG) seeks the Nash Equilibrium of a game involving a continuum of players, where the Nash Equilibrium corresponds to a fixed point of the best-response mapping. However, simple fixed-point iterations do not always…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-15 Jiajia Yu , Xiuyuan Cheng , Jian-Guo Liu , Hongkai Zhao

We consider the problem of simultaneous learning in stochastic games with many players in the finite-horizon setting. While the typical target solution for a stochastic game is a Nash equilibrium, this is intractable with many players. We…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-27 William Brown

One key in real-life Nash equilibrium applications is to calibrate players' cost functions. To leverage the approximation ability of neural networks, we proposed a general framework for optimizing and learning Nash equilibrium using neural…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Di Zhang , Wei Gu , Qing Jin

This paper investigates online stochastic aggregative games subject to local set constraints and time-varying coupled inequality constraints, where each player possesses a time-varying expectation-valued cost function relying on not only…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Kaixin Du , Min Meng

We study the distribution of strategies in a large game that models how agents choose among different double auction markets. We classify the possible mean field Nash equilibria, which include potentially segregated states where an agent…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Robin Nicole , Peter Sollich

It is known that there are uncoupled learning heuristics leading to Nash equilibrium in all finite games. Why should players use such learning heuristics and where could they come from? We show that there is no uncoupled learning heuristic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-27 Burkhard C. Schipper

A conceptually appealing approach for learning Extensive-Form Games (EFGs) is to convert them to Normal-Form Games (NFGs). This approach enables us to directly translate state-of-the-art techniques and analyses in NFGs to learning EFGs, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Yu Bai , Chi Jin , Song Mei , Ziang Song , Tiancheng Yu

We explore the use of policy approximations to reduce the computational cost of learning Nash equilibria in zero-sum stochastic games. We propose a new Q-learning type algorithm that uses a sequence of entropy-regularized soft policies to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Yue Guan , Qifan Zhang , Panagiotis Tsiotras

Consider a strongly monotone game where the players' utility functions include a reward function and a linear term for each dimension, with coefficients that are controlled by the manager. Gradient play converges to a unique Nash…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Siddharth Chandak , Ilai Bistritz , Nicholas Bambos

There has been substantial progress on finding game-theoretic equilibria. Most of that work has focused on games with finite, discrete action spaces. However, many games involving space, time, money, and other fine-grained quantities have…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Carlos Martin , Tuomas Sandholm

An ideal strategy in zero-sum games should not only grant the player an average reward no less than the value of Nash equilibrium, but also exploit the (adaptive) opponents when they are suboptimal. While most existing works in Markov games…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Qinghua Liu , Yuanhao Wang , Chi Jin

We develop provably efficient reinforcement learning algorithms for two-player zero-sum finite-horizon Markov games with simultaneous moves. To incorporate function approximation, we consider a family of Markov games where the reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Qiaomin Xie , Yudong Chen , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang