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In this study, four different techniques are presented. 1 Rectangular waveguide measurement technique for normal microwave materials microwave properties such as permeability and permittivity. This technique removed guess parameter and…
We describe here how to apply the three dimensional imaging technique of refrecative index matched scanning to hydrogel spheres. Hydrogels are water based materials with a low refractive index, which allows for index matching with…
When a plane electromagnetic wave impinges upon a diffraction grating or other periodic structures, reflected and transmitted waves propagate away from the structure in different radiation channels. A diffraction anomaly occurs when the…
Directional couplers are essential components in integrated photonics. Given their widespread use, accurate characterization of directional couplers is crucial for ensuring optimal performance. However, it is challenging due to the coupling…
Wireless signals are integral to modern society, enabling both communication and increasingly, environmental sensing. While various propagation models exist, ranging from empirical methods to full-wave simulations, the phenomenon of…
The third part of the paper is devoted to ray tracing in optical resonators. The employed method for dealing with the issue uses the elliptical or hyperbolic rotations that Wigner distributions associated with optical fields undergo during…
In astronomy or biological imaging, refractive index inhomogeneities of e.g. atmosphere or tissues induce optical aberrations which degrade the desired information hidden behind the medium. A standard approach consists in measuring these…
A method is presented to investigate diffraction of an electromagnetic plane wave by an infinitely thin infinitely conducting circular cylinder with longitudinal slots. It is based on the use of the combined boundary conditions method that…
We show that radiation from complex and inherently random but correlated wave sources can be modelled efficiently by using an approach based on the Wigner distribution function. Our method exploits the connection between correlation…
We construct an electron optical system to investigate Bragg diffraction (the crystal lattice plane, $10^{-2}$-$10^{-3}$ rad) with the objective lens turned off by adjusting the current in the intermediate lenses. A crossover was located on…
Digital holography measures the complex optical field and transfer matrix of a device, polarization-diversity is often achieved through spatial multiplexing. We introduce angular multiplexing, to increase flexibility in the optical setup.…
We investigate thin-slit diffraction problems for two-dimensional lattice waves. The peculiar structure allows us to consider the problems on the semi-infinite triangular lattice, consequently, we study Dirichlet problems for the…
We discuss the propagation of electromagnetic waves on a rectangular lattice of polarizable point dipoles. For wavelengths long compared to the lattice spacing, we obtain the dispersion relation in terms of the lattice spacing and the…
Diffraction of atoms from surfaces provides detailed insights into structures, interactions, and dynamical processes. However, currently the method is limited to measurements in reflection - diffraction through materials has only been…
We report the implementation of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for layered semiconductors in the form of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides. The technique is based on a scanning electron microscope equipped with a…
The spot size of the x-ray source is a key parameter of a flash-radiography facility, which is usually quoted as an evaluation of the resolving power. The pinhole imaging technique is applied to measure the spot size of the Dragon-I linear…
The in situ synchrotron high-energy X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) technique is highly utilized by researchers to analyze the crystallographic structures of materials in functional devices (e.g., battery materials) or in complex sample…
We present the multi-band dual triply irreducible local expansion (D-TRILEX) approach to interacting electronic systems and discuss its numerical implementation. This method is designed for a self-consistent description of multi-orbital…
The array of micro-prisms was described by model of multi-period blazed gratings consisting of triangular apertures. The origins of hexagram-shaped diffraction patterns were interpreted based on multiple-beam interference and diffraction…
Coherent X-ray diffraction microscopy is a method of imaging non-periodic isolated objects at resolutions only limited, in principle, by the largest scattering angles recorded. We demonstrate X-ray diffraction imaging with high resolution…