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We study the complexity of the Graph Isomorphism problem on graph classes that are characterized by a finite number of forbidden induced subgraphs, focusing mostly on the case of two forbidden subgraphs. We show hardness results and develop…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Stefan Kratsch , Pascal Schweitzer

A fundamental result in the study of graph homomorphisms is Lov\'asz's theorem that two graphs are isomorphic if and only if they admit the same number of homomorphisms from every graph. A line of work extending Lov\'asz's result to more…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Ben Young

It is confirmed in this work that the graph isomorphism can be tested in polynomial time, which resolves a longstanding problem in the theory of computation. The contributions are in three phases as follows. 1. A description graph…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Rui Xue

We show that the Graph Isomorphism (GI) problem and the related problems of String Isomorphism (under group action) (SI) and Coset Intersection (CI) can be solved in quasipolynomial ($\exp((\log n)^{O(1)})$) time. The best previous bound…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-01-20 László Babai

A dynamic graph algorithm is a data structure that answers queries about a property of the current graph while supporting graph modifications such as edge insertions and deletions. Prior work has shown strong conditional lower bounds for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Monika Henzinger , Ami Paz , A. R. Sricharan

The graph isomorphism problem is a main problem which has numerous applications in different fields. Thus, finding an efficient and easy to implement method to discriminate non-isomorphic graphs is valuable. In this paper, a new method is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-08 Ameneh Farhadian

We describe a method for generating graphs that provide difficult examples for practical Graph Isomorphism testers. We first give the theoretical construction, showing that we can have a family of graphs without any non-trivial…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Anuj Dawar , Kashif Khan

The complexity and approximability of the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) has been actively studied over the last 20 years. A new version of the CSP, the promise CSP (PCSP) has recently been proposed, motivated by open questions about…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Libor Barto , Jakub Bulín , Andrei Krokhin , Jakub Opršal

The graph isomorphism problem looks deceptively simple, but although polynomial-time algorithms exist for certain types of graphs such as planar graphs and graphs with bounded degree or eigenvalue multiplicity, its complexity class is still…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Stefan Klus , Patrick Gelß

In this paper, we investigate the computational complexity of isomorphism testing for finite groups and quasigroups, given by their multiplication tables. We crucially take advantage of their various decompositions to show the following: -…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Dan Johnson , Michael Levet , Petr Vojtěchovský , Brett Widholm

We prove that the combinatorial Weisfeiler-Leman algorithm of dimension $(3k+4)$ is a complete isomorphism test for the class of all graphs of rank width at most $k$. Rank width is a graph invariant that, similarly to tree width, measures…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Martin Grohe , Daniel Neuen

Given a graph $G$, the graph $[G]$ obtained by adding, for each pair of vertices of $G$, a unique vertex adjacent to both vertices is called the binding graph of $G$. In this work, we show that the class of binding graphs is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Rui Xue

Notions of graph similarity provide alternative perspective on the graph isomorphism problem and vice-versa. In this paper, we consider measures of similarity arising from mismatch norms as studied in Gervens and Grohe: the edit distance…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-05-07 He Sun , Danny Vagnozzi

The bounded-degree query model, introduced by Goldreich and Ron (\textit{Algorithmica, 2002}), is a standard framework in graph property testing and sublinear-time algorithms. Many properties studied in this model, such as bipartiteness and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yumou Fei

Subgraph Isomorphism is a very basic graph problem, where given two graphs $G$ and $H$ one is to check whether $G$ is a subgraph of $H$. Despite its simple definition, the Subgraph Isomorphism problem turns out to be very broad, as it…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-04-14 Marek Cygan , Jakub Pachocki , Arkadiusz Socała

We give a new fpt algorithm testing isomorphism of $n$-vertex graphs of tree width $k$ in time $2^{k\operatorname{polylog} (k)}\operatorname{poly} (n)$, improving the fpt algorithm due to Lokshtanov, Pilipczuk, Pilipczuk, and Saurabh (FOCS…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Martin Grohe , Daniel Neuen , Pascal Schweitzer , Daniel Wiebking

Graph isomorphism is an important computer science problem. The problem for the general case is unknown to be in polynomial time. The base algorithm for the general case works in quasi-polynomial time. The solutions in polynomial time for…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-11-23 Vaibhav Amit Patel

This paper considers the length of resolution proofs when using Krishnamurthy's classic symmetry rules. We show that inconsistent linear equation systems of bounded width over a fixed finite field $\mathbb{F}_p$ with $p$ a prime have, in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Pascal Schweitzer , Constantin Seebach

The isomorphism problem for graphs (GI) and the isomorphism problem for groups (GrISO) have been studied extensively by researchers. The current best algorithms for both these problems run in quasipolynomial time. In this paper, we study…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Bireswar Das , Jinia Ghosh , Anant Kumar

It is well-known that the graph isomorphism problem can be posed as an equivalent problem of determining whether an auxiliary graph structure contains a clique of specific order. However, the algorithms that have been developed so far for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Giannis Nikolentzos , Michalis Vazirgiannis