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We present the detection of metastable inversion lines of ammonia from energy levels high above the ground state. We detect these lines in both emission and absorption toward fifteen of seventeen positions in the central 300 parsecs of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-16 Elisabeth A. C. Mills , Mark R. Morris

Massive stars form deeply embedded in dense molecular gas, which they stir and heat up and ionize. During an early phase, the ionization is confined to hypercompact HII regions, and the stellar radiation is entirely absorbed by dust, giving…

We investigated the correlation between intensities of the $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO ($J=1$-0) lines toward the Galactic giant molecular clouds (GMCs) W51A, W33, N35-N36 complex, W49A, M17SW, G12.02-00.03, W43, and M16 using the FUGIN (FOREST…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-11-27 Mikito Kohno , Yoshiaki Sofue

We present large-field (4.25~$\times$~3.75 deg$^2$) mapping observations toward the Galactic region centered at $l = 150\arcdeg, b = 3.5\arcdeg$ in the $J = 1-0$ emission line of CO isotopologues ($^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, and C$^{18}$O), using…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-03-27 Fang Xiong , Xuepeng Chen , Ji Yang , Min Fang , Shaobo Zhang , Miaomiao Zhang , Xinyu Du , Wenshan Long

The Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) is a ring-like accumulation of molecular gas in the innermost few hundred parsecs of the Milky Way, generated by the inward transport of matter driven by the Galactic bar. The CMZ is the most extreme…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-03-23 Jonathan D. Henshaw , Ashley T. Barnes , Cara Battersby , Adam Ginsburg , Mattia C. Sormani , Daniel L. Walker

We run numerical simulations of molecular clouds (MCs), adopting properties similar to those found in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the Milky Way. For this, we employ the moving mesh code Arepo and perform simulations which account…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-09-21 Erik Bertram , Simon C. O. Glover , Paul C. Clark , Sarah E. Ragan , Ralf S. Klessen

The 12CO J=4-3 to J=13-12 lines of the interstellar medium from nearby galaxies, newly observable with the Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS), offer an opportunity to study warmer, more luminous molecular gas than that…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-23 J. Kamenetzky , N. Rangwala , J. Glenn , P. R. Maloney , A. Conley

We present detections of the CO(J= 1-0) emission line in a sample of four massive star-forming galaxies at z~1.5-2.2 obtained with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). Combining these observations with previous CO(2-1) and CO(3-2)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-06-27 M. Aravena , J. A. Hodge , J. Wagg , C. L. Carilli , E. Daddi , H. Dannerbauer , L. Lentati , D. A. Riechers , M. Sargent , F. Walter

ALMA data toward QSO J1851+0035 ($l$=$33.498^{\circ}$, $b$=$+0.194^{\circ}$) were used to study absorption lines by Galactic molecular gas. We detected 17 species (CO, $^{13}$CO, C$^{18}$O, HCO$^+$, H$^{13}$CO$^+$, HCO, H$_2$CO, C$_2$H,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-04-16 Kanako Narita , Seiichi Sakamoto , Jin Koda , Yuki Yoshimura , Kotaro Kohno

We present a large-scale survey of the central molecular zone (CMZ) of our Galaxy, as well as a monitoring program of Sgr A*, with the AzTEC/Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) in the 1.1 mm continuum. Our 1.1 mm map covers the main body of…

Fukui et al. (2006) discovered two molecular loops in the Galactic center and argued that the foot points of the molecular loops, two bright spots at both loops ends, represent the gas accumulated by the falling motion along the loops,…

For a general understanding of the physics involved in the star formation process, measurements of physical parameters such as temperature and density are indispensable. The chemical and physical properties of dense clumps of molecular…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-02-01 X. D. Tang , C. Henkel , K. M. Menten , X. W. Zheng , J. Esimbek , J. J. Zhou , C. C. Yeh , C. König , Y. Yuan , Y. X. He , D. L. Li

We use the high-resolution TNG50 cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulation to explore the properties and origin of cold circumgalactic medium (CGM) gas around massive galaxies (M* > 10^11 Msun) at intermediate redshift (z~0.5). We…

We use hydrodynamical simulations to study the Milky Way's central molecular zone (CMZ). The simulations include a non-equilibrium chemical network, the gas self-gravity, star formation and supernova feedback. We resolve the structure of…

We have investigated molecular distributions in protoplanetary disks, adopting a disk model with a temperature gradient in the vertical direction. The model produces sufficiently high abundances of gaseous CO and HCO+ to account for line…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Y. Aikawa , G. J. van Zadelhoff , E. F. van Dishoeck , E. Herbst

Magnetic fields of molecular clouds in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) have been relatively underobserved at sub-parsec resolution. Here we report JCMT/POL2 observations of polarized dust emission in the CMZ, which reveal magnetic field…

Aims. We observe the dense gas tracer CS in two nearby starburst galaxies to determine how the conditions of the dense gas varies across the circumnuclear regions in starburst galaxies. Methods. Using the IRAM-30m telescope, we mapped the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-10 G. Kelly , S. Viti , E. Bayet , R. Aladro , J. Yates

{It has recently been proposed that giant molecular complexes form at the sites where streams of diffuse warm atomic gas collide at transonic velocities.} {We study the global statistics of molecular clouds formed by large scale colliding…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 P. Hennebelle , R. Banerjee , E. Vazquez-Semadeni , R. Klessen , E. Audit

The physical state of cold cloud clumps has a great impact on the process and efficiency of star formation and the masses of the forming stars inside these objects. The sub-millimetre survey of the Planck space observatory and the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-10-25 O. Fehér , M. Juvela , T. Lunttila , J. Montillaud , I. Ristorcelli , S. Zahorecz , L. V. Tóth

Aiming at a better understand of the physical and chemical processes in the hot molecular core stage of high-mass star formation, we observed the prototypical hot core G29.96-0.02 in the 862mu band with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) at…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 H. Beuther , Q. Zhang , E. A. Bergin , T. K. Sridharan , T. R. Hunter , S. Leurini