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In this paper, we present a multimodal Recurrent Neural Network (m-RNN) model for generating novel sentence descriptions to explain the content of images. It directly models the probability distribution of generating a word given previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-10-07 Junhua Mao , Wei Xu , Yi Yang , Jiang Wang , Alan L. Yuille

Knowledge tracing---where a machine models the knowledge of a student as they interact with coursework---is a well established problem in computer supported education. Though effectively modeling student knowledge would have high…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-06-22 Chris Piech , Jonathan Spencer , Jonathan Huang , Surya Ganguli , Mehran Sahami , Leonidas Guibas , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have had great success in many real-world applications and have also been used to model visual processing in the brain. However, these networks are quite brittle - small changes in the input image can…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-10-30 Brian Hu , Stefan Mihalas

Nearly all real world tasks are inherently partially observable, necessitating the use of memory in Reinforcement Learning (RL). Most model-free approaches summarize the trajectory into a latent Markov state using memory models borrowed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Steven Morad , Ryan Kortvelesy , Stephan Liwicki , Amanda Prorok

Logic-based machine learning aims to learn general, interpretable knowledge in a data-efficient manner. However, labelled data must be specified in a structured logical form. To address this limitation, we propose a neural-symbolic learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Daniel Cunnington , Mark Law , Alessandra Russo , Jorge Lobo

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are used to learn representations in partially observable environments. For agents that learn online and continually interact with the environment, it is desirable to train RNNs with real-time recurrent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Esraa Elelimy , Adam White , Michael Bowling , Martha White

Neural networks (NN) can be divided into two broad categories, recurrent and non-recurrent. Both types of neural networks are popular and extensively studied, but they are often treated as distinct families of machine learning algorithms.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Quincy Hershey , Randy Paffenroth , Harsh Pathak , Simon Tavener

Neural networks have continued to gain prevalence in the modern era for their ability to model complex data through pattern recognition and behavior remodeling. However, the static construction of traditional neural networks inhibits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-14 Alejandro Antonio Mayorga , Alexander Yuan , Andrew Yuan , Tyler Wooldridge , Xiaodi Wang

The proliferation of large-scale and structurally complex data has spurred the integration of machine learning methods into statistical modeling. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs), a foundational class of models for time-dependent data, can…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-05 Yuxi Cai , Lan Li , Feiqing Huang , Guodong Li

Hierarchical structures exist in both linguistics and Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. How to design RNNs to learn hierarchical representations of natural languages remains a long-standing challenge. In this paper, we define two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Zhaoxin Luo , Michael Zhu

Training deep recurrent neural network (RNN) architectures is complicated due to the increased network complexity. This disrupts the learning of higher order abstracts using deep RNN. In case of feed-forward networks training deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Murali Karthick Baskar , Martin Karafiat , Lukas Burget , Karel Vesely , Frantisek Grezl , Jan Honza Cernocky

Recent work by Hewitt et al. (2020) provides an interpretation of the empirical success of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) as language models (LMs). It shows that RNNs can efficiently represent bounded hierarchical structures that are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Anej Svete , Robin Shing Moon Chan , Ryan Cotterell

Pre-training is crucial for learning deep neural networks. Most of existing pre-training methods train simple models (e.g., restricted Boltzmann machines) and then stack them layer by layer to form the deep structure. This layer-wise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-06-09 Zhiyuan Tang , Dong Wang , Yiqiao Pan , Zhiyong Zhang

The quadratic computational complexity of softmax transformers has become a bottleneck in long-context scenarios. In contrast, linear attention model families provide a promising direction towards a more efficient sequential model. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Difan Deng , Andreas Bentzen Winje , Lukas Fehring , Marius Lindauer

While pre-trained language models (PLMs) are the go-to solution to tackle many natural language processing problems, they are still very limited in their ability to capture and to use common-sense knowledge. In fact, even if information is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Mohammed Saeed , Naser Ahmadi , Preslav Nakov , Paolo Papotti

Learning intents and slot labels from user utterances is a fundamental step in all spoken language understanding (SLU) and dialog systems. State-of-the-art neural network based methods, after deployment, often suffer from performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Avik Ray , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin

Transformers with linearised attention (''linear Transformers'') have demonstrated the practical scalability and effectiveness of outer product-based Fast Weight Programmers (FWPs) from the '90s. However, the original FWP formulation is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Kazuki Irie , Imanol Schlag , Róbert Csordás , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can be interpreted as discrete-time state-space models, where the state evolution corresponds to an infinite-impulse-response (IIR) filtering operation governed by both feedforward weights and recurrent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Alexander Morgan , Ummay Sumaya Khan , Lingjia Liu , Lizhong Zheng

The recurrent neural networks (RNN) with richly distributed internal states and flexible non-linear transition functions, have overtaken the dynamic Bayesian networks such as the hidden Markov models (HMMs) in the task of modeling highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Jin Huang , Ming Xiao

Traditional convolutional layers extract features from patches of data by applying a non-linearity on an affine function of the input. We propose a model that enhances this feature extraction process for the case of sequential data, by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-21 Gil Keren , Björn Schuller