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The thermalizing dynamics of many-body systems is often described through the lens of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH). ETH postulates that the statistical properties of observables, when expressed in the energy eigenbasis,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-01 Jiaozi Wang , Ruchira Mishra , Tian-Hua Yang , Luca V. Delacrétaz , Silvia Pappalardi

This review gives a pedagogical introduction to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), its basis, and its implications to statistical mechanics and thermodynamics. In the first part, ETH is introduced as a natural extension of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-08-02 Luca D'Alessio , Yariv Kafri , Anatoli Polkovnikov , Marcos Rigol

Motivated by the qualitative picture of Canonical Typicality, we propose a refined formulation of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) for chaotic quantum systems. The new formulation, which we refer to as subsystem ETH, is in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-04-06 Anatoly Dymarsky , Nima Lashkari , Hong Liu

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is a successful theory that provides sufficient criteria for ergodicity in quantum many-body systems. Most studies were carried out for Hamiltonians relevant for ultracold quantum gases and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-04-29 David Jansen , Jan Stolpp , Lev Vidmar , Fabian Heidrich-Meisner

We derive the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) from a random matrix Hamiltonian by extending the model introduced by J. M. Deutsch [Phys. Rev. A 43, 2046 (1991)]. We approximate the coupling between a subsystem and a many-body…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-09-26 Charlie Nation , Diego Porras

Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is discussed. We point out that the common formulation of the ETH suffers from the mixing of random and deterministic variables. We suggest a modified formulation of the ETH which includes only…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-11-05 Oleg Inozemcev , Igor Volovich

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) provides a cornerstone for understanding thermalization in isolated quantum systems, linking quantum chaos with statistical mechanics. In this work, we extend the ETH framework to open quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Filippo Ferrari , Vincenzo Savona , Fabrizio Minganti

Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) represents a breakthrough in many-body physics since it allows to link thermalization of physical observables with the applicability of random matrix theory (RMT). Recent years were also extremely…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-08-06 Maksymilian Kliczkowski , Rafał Świętek , Miroslav Hopjan , Lev Vidmar

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is the leading interpretation in our current understanding of quantum thermalization. Recent results uncovered strong connections between quantum correlations in thermalizing systems and the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-23 Gabriel O. Alves , Felix Fritzsch , Pieter W. Claeys

Integrable systems do not obey the strong eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), which has been proposed as a mechanism of thermalization in isolated quantum systems. It has been suggested that an integrable system reaches a steady…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-07-29 Takashi Ishii , Takashi Mori

Thermalization of a closed chaotic quantum system is commonly addressed in terms of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). An alternative approach uses the Bohigas-Giannoni-Schmit (BGS) conjecture. The comparison shows that the two…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Hans A. Weidenmüller

Ergodic isolated quantum many-body systems satisfy the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), i.e., the expectation values of local observables in the system's eigenstates approach the predictions of the microcanonical ensemble.…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-11-25 Adith Sai Aramthottil , Ali Emami Kopaei , Piotr Sierant , Lev Vidmar , Jakub Zakrzewski

We investigate a weak version of subsystem eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) for a two-dimensional large central charge conformal field theory by comparing the local equivalence of high energy state and thermal state of canonical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-11-22 Song He , Feng-Li Lin , Jia-ju Zhang

In a generic random system, the coexistence of extended and localized states can be evidenced by the subextensive width of energy distribution of a physical initial state in, for example, the quantum quenches which involving the local…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-05-28 Chen-Huan Wu

The Eigenstate-Thermalization-Hypothesis (ETH) has been established as the general framework to understand quantum statistical mechanics. Only recently has the attention been paid to so-called full ETH, which accounts for higher-order…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-10 Silvia Pappalardi , Felix Fritzsch , Tomaž Prosen

In this paper, we study the Feingold-Peres model as an example, which is a well-known paradigm of quantum chaos. Using semiclassical analysis and numerical simulations, we study the statistical properties of observables in few-body systems…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-06-11 Jiaozi Wang , Hua Yan , Robin Steinigeweg , Jochen Gemmer

We consider the set of all initial states within a microcanonical energy shell of an isolated many-body quantum system, which exhibit the same, arbitrary but fixed non-equilibrium expectation value for some given observable $A$. On…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-07-04 Peter Reimann

We discuss eigenstate correlations for ergodic, spatially extended many-body quantum systems, in terms of the statistical properties of matrix elements of local observables. While the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is known to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-06-11 Amos Chan , Andrea De Luca , J. T. Chalker

Local observables and their translationally invariant counterparts are generally thought as providing the same predictions for experimental measurements. This is used in the context of their expectation values, which are indeed the same in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Rohit Patil , Marcos Rigol

We test the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in 1+1-dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory (LGT) with one flavor of dynamical fermions. Using the loop-string-hadron framework of the LGT with a bosonic cut-off, we exactly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-28 Diptarka Das , Lukas Ebner , Saurabh V. Kadam , Indrakshi Raychowdhury , Andreas Schäfer , Xiaojun Yao
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