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The vacuum is considered as some fluid emergent from the zero-point fluctuations of the quantum fields contributing to the vacuum energy density and pressure. The equation of vacuum state and the speed of vacuum sound-waves are deduced…
Static observers remain on Killing-vector world lines and measure the rest-mass+kinetic energies of particles moving past them, and the flux of that mechanical energy through space and time. The total mechanical energy is the total flux…
A measurement of the absorption of neutrinos with energies in excess of 10 TeV when traversing the Earth is capable of revealing its density distribution. Unfortunately, the existence of beams with sufficient luminosity for the task has…
The active mass density in Einstein's theory of gravitation in the analog of Poisson's equation in a local inertial system is proportional to $\rho+3p/c^2$. Here $\rho$ is the density of energy and $p$ its pressure for a perfect fluid. By…
Relativistic dynamics of distributed mass and charge densities of the extended classical particle is discussed for arbitrary gravitational and electromagnetic fields. Vector geodesic relations for material space densities are consequences…
A summary of various measurements of the mean matter density in the universe, Omega_m, is presented. Results from very different kinds of methods using various astronomical objects -- from supernovae to large-scale structure -- are shown.…
Cosmic-ray interactions with the nuclei of the Earth's atmosphere produce a flux of neutrinos in all directions with energies extending above the TeV scale. However, the Earth is not a fully transparent medium for neutrinos with energies…
The present acceleration of the Universe strongly indicated by recent observational data can be modeled in the scope of a scalar-tensor theory of gravity. We show that it is possible to determine the structure of this theory (the scalar…
Gravitinos with a mass in the keV range are an interesting candidate for warm dark matter. Recent measurements of the matter density of the universe and of cosmic structures at the dwarf galaxy scale rule out the simplest gravitino models…
There is now strong evidence that the main contribution to the cosmic energy density is not due to matter, but to another component with negative pressure. Its nature is still unknown: it could be the vacuum energy, manifesting itself as a…
Based on principles of the Expansive Nondecelerative Universe model that enables to quantify and localize the gravitational energy density, and stemming from the see-saw mechanism, the mass of electron, muon and tau neutrinos are determined…
We consider the gravitational potential and the gravitational rotation field generated by an spherical mass distribution with exponential density, when the force between any two mass elements is not the usual Newtonian one, but some general…
Physics invites the idea that space contains energy whose gravitational effect approximates that of Einstein's cosmological constant, Lambda; nowadays the concept is termed dark energy or quintessence. Physics also suggests the dark energy…
Lord Kelvin believed that the electromagnetic aether must also generate gravity. Presently, we have no methods to determine the density of the electromagnetic aether, or we say the $\Omega(1)$ substratum. Thus, we also suppose that vacuum…
Cosmology is investigated within a new, scalar theory of gravitation, which is a preferred-frame bimetric theory with flat background metric. Before coming to cosmology, the motivation for an " ether theory " is exposed at length; the…
A solution to Einstein's field equations via the Friedman equations is shown to produce a cosmological model that is in exact agreement with the measurements made by the dark energy astronomers. All the essential physical parameters are…
Considering the vacuum as characterized by the presence of only the gravitational field, we show that the vacuum energy density of the de Sitter space, in the realm of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity, can acquire…
Since the general theory of relativity (GR) meets some difficulties, it seems that new considerations on the ether theories of gravitation in the history are needed. A theory of gravity based on some new concepts of ether and particles is…
We study the possibility that the vacuum energy density of scalar and internal-space gauge fields arising from the process of dimensional reduction of higher dimensional gravity theories plays the role of quintessence. We show that, for the…
Earth's mass and internal structure have been primarily studied through gravitational and seismic methods. Neutrinos, however, offer an independent way to explore Earth's interior via matter effects in neutrino oscillations that depend on…